ArticleJournal of virology2009
Identification of unusual E6 and E7 proteins within avian papillomaviruses: cellular localization, biophysical characterization, and phylogenetic analysis.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel avian papillomaviruses identified in a south polar skua sampled on Ross Island, Antarctica.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Diversity of polyomaviruses and papillomaviruses in penguins from eastern and western Antarctica.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Characterization of Three Novel Papillomavirus Genomes in Vampire Bats (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Interactions between avian viruses and skin in farm birds.Veterinary research · 2024Review
- New duck papillomavirus type identified in a mallard in Missouri, USA.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- Novel papillomavirus in a mallard duck with mesenchymal chondroid dermal tumors.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2022Article
- Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Type (MfoiPV1) Associated with Acrochordon in a Stone Marten (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- New insights into SauropsidVirus evolution · 2019Review
- New Insight Into Avian Papillomavirus Ecology and Evolution From Characterization of Novel Wild Bird Papillomaviruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Molecular identification of papillomavirus in ducks.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Genomic characterization of the first oral avian papillomavirus in a colony of breeding canaries (Serinus canaria).Veterinary research communications · 2018Article
- Review
- Unique genome organization of non-mammalian papillomaviruses provides insights into the evolution of viral early proteins.Virus evolution · 2017Article
- The Papillomavirus Episteme: a major update to the papillomavirus sequence database.Nucleic acids research · 2017Article
- Molecular archeological evidence in support of the repeated loss of a papillomavirus gene.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Duck gut viral metagenome analysis captures snapshot of viral diversity.Gut pathogens · 2016Article
- Papillomavirus E6 oncoproteins.Virology · 2013Review
- The papillomavirus E7 proteins.Virology · 2013Review
- Novel snake papillomavirus does not cluster with other non-mammalian papillomaviruses.Virology journal · 2011Article
- Classification of papillomaviruses (PVs) based on 189 PV types and proposal of taxonomic amendments.Virology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a large family of small DNA viruses infecting mammals, reptiles, and birds. PV infection induces cell proliferation that may lead to the formation of orogenital or skin tumors. PV-induced cell proliferation has been related mainly to the expression of two small oncoproteins, E6 and E7. In mammalian PVs, E6 contains two 70-residue zinc-binding repeats, whereas E7 consists of a natively unfolded N-terminal region followed by a zinc-binding domain which folds as an obligate homodimer. Here, we show that both the novel francolin bird PV Francolinus leucoscepus PV type 1 (FlPV-1) and the chaffinch bird PV Fringilla coelebs PV contain unusual E6 and E7 proteins. The avian E7 proteins contain an extended unfolded N terminus and a zinc-binding domain of reduced size, whereas the avian E6 proteins consist of a single zinc-binding domain. A comparable single-domain E6 protein may have existed in a common ancestor of mammalian and avian PVs. Mammalian E6 C-terminal domains are phylogenetically related to those of single-domain avian E6, whereas mammalian E6 N-terminal domains seem to have emerged by duplication and subsequently diverged from the original ancestral domain. In avian and mammalian cells, both FlPV-1 E6 and FlPV-1 E7 were evenly expressed in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Finally, samples of full-length FlPV-1 E6 and the FlPV-1 E7 C-terminal zinc-binding domain were prepared for biophysical analysis. Both constructs were highly soluble and well folded, according to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements.
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