Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19551455›Full record

ArticleNeurotoxicity research2009

CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression is increased in the nigro-striatal system of Parkinson's disease.

Mika Shimoji, Fernando Pagan, Edward B Healton, Italo Mocchetti

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Neurotoxicity research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Mika ShimojiDepartment of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room EP04, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Box 571464, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
Fernando Pagan
Edward B Healton
Italo Mocchetti
Georgetown University · USGeorgetown University Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Except for a handful of inherited cases related to known gene defects, Parkinson's disease (PD) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. There is increasing evidence that inflammation and proliferation of microglia may contribute to the neuronal damage seen in the nigro-striatal dopaminergic system of PD patients. Microglia events that participate in neuronal injury include the release of pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic factors. Characterizing these factors may help to prevent the exacerbation of PD symptoms or to remediate the disease progression. In rodents, the nigro-striatal system exhibits high expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Its natural ligand CXCL12 can promote neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, the present study investigated the expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in post-mortem brains of PD and control (non-PD) individuals and in an animal model of PD. In the human substantia nigra (SN), CXCR4 immunoreactivity was high in dopaminergic neurons. Interestingly, the SN of PD subjects exhibited higher expression of CXCR4 expression and CXCL12 than control subjects despite the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons. This effect was accompanied by an increase in activated microglia. However, results from post-mortem brains may not provide indication as to whether CXCL12/CXCR4 can cause the degeneration of DA neurons. To examine the role of these chemokines, we determined the levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the SN of MPTP-treated mice. MPTP produced a time-dependent up-regulation of CXCR4 that preceded the loss of DA neurons. These results suggest that CXCL12/CXCR4 may participate in the etiology of PD and indicate a new possible target molecule for PD.

Indexed as

Analysis of VarianceAnimalsCalcium-Binding ProteinsChemokine CXCL12Corpus StriatumDisease Models, AnimalDNA-Binding ProteinsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayGene Expression RegulationHumansMiceMicrofilament ProteinsMicrogliaMPTP PoisoningParkinson DiseasePhosphopyruvate HydrataseAIF1 protein, humanCalcium-Binding ProteinsChemokine CXCL12CXCL12 protein, humanCXCR4 protein, humanDNA-Binding ProteinsMicrofilament ProteinsPhosphopyruvate HydrataseReceptors, CXCR4Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

Identifiers

PMID19551455
OpenAlexW2073311838

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.