ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modelling compressive loading in large-bodied mammals reveals distinct biomechanical strategies in proboscidean humeri.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Evolution of Consciousness.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Geologically calibrated mammalian tree and its correlation with global events, including the emergence of humans.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Cancer suppression and the evolution of multiple retrogene copies of TP53 in elephants: A re-evaluation.Evolutionary applications · 2022Article
- Petrosal and bony labyrinth morphology of the stem paenungulate mammal (Paenungulatomorpha) Ocepeia daouiensis from the Paleocene of Morocco.Journal of anatomy · 2022Article
- Champagne: Automated Whole-Genome Phylogenomic Character Matrix Method Using Large Genomic Indels for Homoplasy-Free Inference.Genome biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Revisiting proboscidean phylogeny and evolution through total evidence and palaeogenetic analyses includingiScience · 2022Article
- New Middle Eocene proboscidean from Togo illuminates the early evolution of the elephantiform-like dental pattern.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Nutritional influences on enzyme activities in saliva of Asian and African elephants.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2021Article
- Chitinase genes (Science advances · 2018Article
- Inactivation of thermogenic UCP1 as a historical contingency in multiple placental mammal clades.Science advances · 2017Article
- Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2017Article
- Does diet influence salivary enzyme activities in elephant species?Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2017Article
- Convergence of Afrotherian and Laurasiatherian Ungulate-Like Mammals: First Morphological Evidence from the Paleocene of Morocco.PloS one · 2016Article
- Article
- The ear region of earliest known elephant relatives: new light on the ancestral morphotype of proboscideans and afrotherians.Journal of anatomy · 2016Article
- Elaboration and Innervation of the Vibrissal System in the Rock Hyrax (Procavia capensis).Brain, behavior and evolution · 2015Article
- Ancient dates or accelerated rates? Morphological clocks and the antiquity of placental mammals.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2014Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Elephants are the only living representatives of the Proboscidea, a formerly diverse mammalian order whose history began with the 55-million years (mys) old Phosphatherium. Reported here is the discovery from the early late Paleocene of Morocco, ca. 60 mys, of the oldest and most primitive elephant relative, Eritherium azzouzorum n.g., n.sp., which is one of the earliest known representatives of modern placental orders. This well supported stem proboscidean is extraordinarily primitive and condylarth-like. It provides the first dental evidence of a resemblance between the proboscideans and African ungulates (paenungulates) on the one hand and the louisinines and early macroscelideans on the other. Eritherium illustrates the origin of the elephant order at a previously unknown primitive stage among paenungulates and "ungulates." The primitive morphology of Eritherium suggests a recent and rapid paenungulate radiation after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, probably favoured by early endemic African paleoecosystems. At a broader scale, Eritherium provides a new old calibration point of the placental tree and supports an explosive placental radiation. The Ouled Abdoun basin, which yields the oldest known African placentals, is a key locality for elucidating phylogeny and early evolution of paenungulates and other related endemic African lineages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.