ArticleToxicology2009
Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis method for simultaneous detection of trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine.
Article in Toxicology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase and Black Phosphorene Quantum Dot Modified Electrode.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Invited Perspective: Improved Risk Characterization for Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene Based on New Analyses of Glutathione Conjugation Rates.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Reanalysis of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene Metabolism to Glutathione Conjugates Using Human, Rat, and Mouse LiverEnvironmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Characterization of inter-tissue and inter-strain variability of TCE glutathione conjugation metabolites DCVG, DCVC, and NAcDCVC in the mouse.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2018Article
- Editor's Highlight: Comparative Dose-Response Analysis of Liver and Kidney Transcriptomic Effects of Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene in B6C3F1 Mouse.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2017Article
- Editor's Highlight: High-Throughput Functional Genomics Identifies Modulators of TCE Metabolite Genotoxicity and Candidate Susceptibility Genes.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2017Article
- High-resolution metabolomics of occupational exposure to trichloroethylene.International journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
- The Contribution of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha to the Relationship Between Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Trichloroethylene.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2015Article
- The trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine but not trichloroacetate inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extraplacental membranes in vitro.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2015Article
- Comparative analysis of the relationship between trichloroethylene metabolism and tissue-specific toxicity among inbred mouse strains: kidney effects.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2015Article
- Comparative analysis of the relationship between trichloroethylene metabolism and tissue-specific toxicity among inbred mouse strains: liver effects.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2015Article
- Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of interstrain variability in trichloroethylene metabolism in the mouse.Environmental health perspectives · 2014Article
- Interstrain differences in the liver effects of trichloroethylene in a multistrain panel of inbred mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2011Article
- Trichloroethylene biotransformation and its role in mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and target organ toxicity.Mutation research. Reviews in mutation researchReview
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE, CAS 79-01-6) is a widely used industrial chemical, and a common environmental pollutant. TCE is a well-known carcinogen in rodents and is classified as "probably carcinogenic to humans". Several analytical methods have been proposed for detection of TCE metabolites in biological media utilizing derivatization-free techniques; however, none of them is suitable for simultaneous detection of both oxidative metabolites and glutathione conjugates of TCE in small volume biological samples. Here, we report a new combination of methods for assessment of major TCE metabolites: dichloroacetic acid (DCA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl) glutathione (DCVG). First, DCA and TCA were extracted with ether. Second, the remaining aqueous fraction underwent solid phase extraction for DCVC and DCVG. Then, DCA and TCA were measured by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography ion exchange negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, while DCVC and DCVG were measured by reverse phase positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. This method was applied successfully to measure all 4 TCE metabolites in as little as 50 microl of serum from mice orally exposed to TCE (2100 mg/kg, 2h). Serum concentrations (mean+/-standard deviation) of the TCE metabolites obtained with this method are comparable or equivalent to those previously reported in the literature: DCA, 0.122+/-0.014 nmol/ml (limit of detection: 0.01 nmol/ml); TCA, 256+/-30 nmol/ml (0.4 nmol/ml); DCVG, 0.037+/-0.015 nmol/ml (0.001 nmol/ml); DCVC, 0.0024+/-0.0009 nmol/ml (0.001 nmol/ml). This method opens new opportunities to increase throughput and decrease number of animals required for mechanistic studies on TCE in rodents.
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