ArticleJournal of inflammation (London, England)2009
Is inflammation a consequence of extracellular hyperosmolarity?
Article in Journal of inflammation (London, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy and safety of topical 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension in dry eye disease at tertiary care centre.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Extracellular stressors change BBSome expression of benign mesothelial and primary pleural mesothelioma cells and affect cell adhesion and migration.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Spatially structured inflammatory response in the presence of a uniform stimulus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Novel Mechanisms Underlying Neutrophil Activation Induced by High Salt.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Metabolic, microbial, and pharmacological stimuli elicit distinct lipidomic and cytokine responses in the human placenta.Molecular human reproduction · 2026Article
- Trajectory of serum osmolality changes and 28-day mortality risk in patients with sepsis-associated delirium based on the MIMIC-IV database.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of serum osmolality with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in adults.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Effects of different sodium concentrations in fluids on brain, lung, and kidney in experimental ischemic stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hypernatremia, Hyperlipemia and Hemorrhagic Enteritis in a Hypodipsic Dog with Corpus Callosum Dysplasia.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The U-shaped relationship between serum osmolality and the risk of sepsis-associated delirium development: a retrospective study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Modeling Spinal Cord Injury in a Dish with Hyperosmotic Stress: Population-Specific Effects and the Modulatory Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Candidate transmission survival genome ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The degree of cross-linking of polyacrylic acid affects the fibrogenicity in rat lungs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very-low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) improves body cell mass, muscle strength and inflammation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Analysis of the correlation between the group-based trajectory modeling of serum osmolality and prognosis in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy at 72 h after admission.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Differential impact of coffee quantity and sweetening on body composition parameters and inflammation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The J-shaped relationship between serum osmolality and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Review
- Hyperosmotic Stress Induces the Expression of Organic Osmolyte Transporters in Porcine Intestinal Cells and Betaine Exerts a Protective Effect on the Barrier Function.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Metabolic Shift and Hyperosmolarity Underlie Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are several reports suggesting that hyperosmolarity induces inflammation. We recently showed that Dextran Sodium Sulfate causes inflammatory bowel disease due to hyperosmolarity. The aim of this study was to confirm the link between hyperosmolarity and inflammation by assessing osmolarity values in vivo during inflammation, compare the inflammatory potential of different osmotic agents and finally study the long-term consequences of hyperosmolarity on cell fate.
methodsOsmotic pressures were measured in inflammatory liquids withdrawn from mice subjected to inflammation caused either by subcutaneous injection of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Freund adjuvant. Three epithelial cell lines (HT29, T24 and A549) were exposed up to 48 hours to increasing osmolarities (300, 600, 900 mOsm) of chemically inert molecules such as Mannitol, Propylene Glycol, and Glycerol and inflammatory response was assessed by Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) and RNA Protection Assay (RPA). Finally, normal mouse macrophages were exposed to hyperosmotic conditions for long-term culture.
resultsThe inflammation caused either by BCG or Freund adjuvant is correlated to hyperosmolarity in inflammatory liquids. The exposure of cells to the different compounds, whatever their molecular weight, has no effect on the secretion of cytokines as long as the osmolarity is below a threshold of 300 mOsm. Higher osmolarities result in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-8, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1beta and Tumor Necrosis factor-alpha). Long-term hyperosmotic culture extends normal macrophage half-life, from 44 days to 102 days, and alters the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and Bax.
conclusionThe present study further suggests inflammation and hyperosmolarity are closely related phenomena if not synonymous.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.