SynthesisAddiction (Abingdon, England)2009
Behavioral intervention to promote smoking cessation and prevent weight gain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Health-promotion interventions targeting multiple behaviors: A meta-analytic review of general and behavior-specific processes of change.Psychological bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Exercise interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Action and inaction in multi-behaviour recommendations: a meta-analysis of lifestyle interventions.Health psychology review · 2018Pooled it
- When it comes to lifestyle recommendations, more is sometimes less: a meta-analysis of theoretical assumptions underlying the effectiveness of interventions promoting multiple behavior domain change.Psychological bulletin · 2015Pooled it
- A smoking cessation intervention for rural veterans tailored to individual risk factors: A multicenter randomized clinical trial.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Trial
- A randomized controlled trial to reduce post-cessation weight gain.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Trial
- Behavioral activation for smoking cessation and the prevention of smoking cessation-related weight gain: A randomized trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- A Feasibility Study of Smoking Cessation Utilizing an Exercise Intervention among Black Women: 'Quit and Fit'.Journal of the National Medical Association · 2021Trial
- A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Distress Tolerance Treatment for Weight Concern in Smoking Cessation Among Women.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Distress Tolerance Treatment for Weight Concern in Smoking Cessation Among Women: The WE QUIT Pilot Study.Behavior modification · 2017Trial
- Comparative effectiveness of adding weight control simultaneously or sequentially to smoking cessation quitlines: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2016Trial
- Overcoming limitations in previous research on exercise as a smoking cessation treatment: rationale and design of the "Quit for Health" trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2014Trial
- The Pap smear screening as an occasion for smoking cessation and physical activity counselling: effectiveness of the SPRINT randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2012Trial
- Extended duration therapy with transdermal nicotine may attenuate weight gain following smoking cessation.Addictive behaviors · 2012Trial
- Drinking patterns of pathological gamblers before, during, and after gambling treatment.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2011Trial
- Addressing weight gain in smoking cessation treatment: a randomized controlled trial.American journal of health promotion : AJHPTrial
- Associations of smoking status and leisure-time physical activity with waist circumference change-10-year follow-up among twin adults.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- The inverse relation between changes in body weight and serum phosphate expresses weight loss after lifestyle intervention in non-smokers and smokers, but not in subjects who quit smoking.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- "Healthier health in more ways than one": Perspectives on a program for changing both smoking and obesity-related health behaviors.Eating behaviors · 2024Article
- Non-pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.BMC medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsThe prospect of weight gain discourages many cigarette smokers from quitting. Practice guidelines offer varied advice about managing weight gain after quitting smoking, but no systematic review and meta-analysis have been available. We reviewed evidence to determine whether behavioral weight control intervention compromises smoking cessation attempts, and if it offers an effective way to reduce post-cessation weight gain.
methodsWe identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared combined smoking treatment and behavioral weight control to smoking treatment alone for adult smokers. English-language studies were identified through searches of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Of 779 articles identified and 35 potentially relevant RCTs screened, 10 met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis.
resultsPatients who received both smoking treatment and weight treatment showed increased abstinence [odds ratio (OR) = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01, 1.64] and reduced weight gain (g = -0.30, 95% CI = -0.57, -0.02) in the short term (<3 months) compared with patients who received smoking treatment alone. Differences in abstinence (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.85, 1.79) and weight control (g = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.42, 0.07) were no longer significant in the long term (>6 months).
conclusionsFindings provide no evidence that combining smoking treatment and behavioral weight control produces any harm and significant evidence of short-term benefit for both abstinence and weight control. However, the absence of long-term enhancement of either smoking cessation or weight control by the time-limited interventions studied to date provides insufficient basis to recommend societal expenditures on weight gain prevention treatment for patients who are quitting smoking.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.