Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2009
Smoking cessation during alcohol treatment: a randomized trial of combination nicotine patch plus nicotine gum.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combination Nicotine Replacement for Alcoholic Smokers
Enhancing Smoking Cessation in the Homeless Population
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Korean Clinical Practice Guideline of Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (KSRNT) and National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) on Treatment of Tobacco Use 2024.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Guideline
- Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions for tobacco use cessation in people in treatment for or recovery from substance use disorders.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Smoking Cessation Interventions for Adults in Substance Abuse Treatment or Recovery.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Pooled it
- Combined Smoking Cessation and Alcohol Abstinence Treatment for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Randomized Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Daily adherence to nicotine replacement therapy in low-income smokers: The role of gender, negative mood, motivation, and self-efficacy.Addictive behaviors · 2023Trial
- Electronically Monitored Nicotine Gum Use Before and After Smoking Lapses: Relationship With Lapse and Relapse.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Sequential and simultaneous treatment approaches to cannabis use disorder and tobacco use.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Trial
- Effect of Long-term Nicotine Replacement Therapy vs Standard Smoking Cessation for Smokers With Chronic Lung Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Concurrent alcohol and tobacco treatment: Effect on daily process measures of alcohol relapse risk.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2015Trial
- A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study of baclofen effects in alcoholic smokers.Psychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Pilot randomized trial on mindfulness training for smokers in young adult binge drinkers.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2013Trial
- Cigarette smoking predicts differential benefit from naltrexone for alcohol dependence.Biological psychiatry · 2012Trial
- Prospective analysis of early lapse to drinking and smoking among individuals in concurrent alcohol and tobacco treatment.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2012Trial
- Why two smoking cessation agents work better than one: role of craving suppression.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2012Trial
- Incremental efficacy of adding bupropion to the nicotine patch for smoking cessation in smokers with a recent history of alcohol dependence: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2011Trial
- Stopping smoking during first year of substance use treatment predicted 9-year alcohol and drug treatment outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2011Trial
- Smoking As an Outcome Moderator In the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsThe primary aim was to compare the efficacy of smoking cessation treatment using a combination of active nicotine patch plus active nicotine gum versus therapy consisting of active nicotine patch plus placebo gum in a sample of alcohol-dependent tobacco smokers in an early phase of out-patient alcohol treatment. A secondary aim was to determine whether or not there were any carry-over effects of combination nicotine replacement on drinking outcomes.
designSmall-scale randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial with 1-year smoking and drinking outcome assessment.
settingTwo out-patient substance abuse clinics provided a treatment platform of behavioral alcohol and smoking treatment delivered in 3 months of weekly sessions followed by three monthly booster sessions.
participantsParticipants were 96 men and women with a diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence and smoking 15 or more cigarettes per day.
interventionAll participants received open-label transdermal nicotine patches and were randomized to receive either 2 mg nicotine gum or placebo gum under double-blind conditions.
findingsAnalysis of 1-year follow-up data revealed that patients receiving nicotine patch plus active gum had better smoking outcomes than those receiving patch plus placebo gum on measures of time to smoking relapse and prolonged abstinence at 12 months. Alcohol outcomes were not significantly different across medication conditions.
conclusionsResults of this study were consistent with results of larger trials of smokers without alcohol problems, showing that combination therapy (nicotine patch plus gum) is more effective than monotherapy (nicotine patch) for smoking cessation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.