ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2010
Urban-rural differences in breast cancer incidence by hormone receptor status across 6 years in Egypt.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinicopathologic Features of Breast Cancer in Egypt-Contemporary Profile and Future Needs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JCO global oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Receptor-defined subtypes of breast cancer in indigenous populations in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of breast self-examination among female university students in three Arab countries: a multi-center cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Changing Trends in Estrogen Receptors/Progesterone Receptors/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Prevalence Rates Among Jordanian Patients With Breast Cancer Over the Years.JCO global oncology · 2022Article
- Medical Oncology Education in Egypt Over the Past 50 Years: the Experience of the National Cancer Institute of Cairo University.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2021Article
- Occupational Chemical Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk According to Hormone Receptor Status: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2019Review
- Light and the City: Breast Cancer Risk Factors Differ Between Urban and Rural Women in Israel.Integrative cancer therapies · 2017Article
- Measuring the effect of improvement in methodological techniques on data collection in the Gharbiah population-based cancer registry in Egypt: Implications for other Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Cancer epidemiology · 2015Article
- Breast cancer by age at diagnosis in the Gharbiah, Egypt, population-based registry compared to the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 2004-2008.BioMed research international · 2015Article
- Preventing breast cancer in LMICs via screening and/or early detection: The real and the surreal.World journal of clinical oncology · 2014Review
- Combating malaria with plant molecules: a brief update.Current medicinal chemistry · 2014Review
- First results of hormone receptors' status in Malagasy women with invasive breast cancer.The Pan African medical journal · 2014Article
- Hormone receptors and age distribution in breast cancer patients at a university hospital in northern egypt.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2013Article
- Trends in Breast Cancer Incidence Rates by Age and Stage at Diagnosis in Gharbiah, Egypt, over 10 Years (1999-2008).Journal of cancer epidemiology · 2013Article
- Article
- Geographic distribution of hematopoietic cancers in the Nile delta of Egypt.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2012Article
- Age distribution, polyps and rectal cancer in the Egyptian population-based cancer registry.World journal of gastroenterology · 2012Article
- A population-based study of Kurdish breast cancer in northern Iraq: hormone receptor and HER2 status. A comparison with Arabic women and United States SEER data.BMC women's health · 2012Article
- Public and professional educational needs for downstaging breast cancer in Egypt.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2012Article
- Association of inflammatory and noninflammatory breast cancer with socioeconomic characteristics in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 2000-2007.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2012Article
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12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer incidence is higher in developed countries with higher rates of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors. ER+ tumors are caused by estrogenic exposures although known exposures explain approximately 50% of breast cancer risk. Unknown risk factors causing high breast cancer incidence exist that are estrogenic and development-related. Xenoestrogens are such risk factors but are difficult to study since developed countries lack unexposed populations. Developing countries have urban-rural populations with differential exposure to xenoestrogens. This study assessed urban-rural breast cancer incidence classified by hormone receptor status using data from Gharbiah population-based cancer registry in Egypt from 2001 to 2006. Urban ER+ incidence rate (per 100,000 women) was 2-4 times (IRR = 3.36, 95% CI = 4.84, 2.34) higher than rural incidence rate. ER-incidence rate was 2-3 times (IRR = 1.86, 95% CI = 2.38, 1.45) higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Our findings indicate that urban women may probably have a higher exposure to xenoestrogens.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.