Trial reportBMC family practice2009
The TrueBlue study: is practice nurse-led collaborative care effective in the management of depression for patients with heart disease or diabetes?
Trial report in BMC family practice, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Behavioural activation therapy for depression in adults with non-communicable diseases.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Helping patients help themselves: A systematic review of self-management support strategies in primary health care practice.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with diabetes mellitus and depression.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Collaborative care for depression and anxiety problems.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Effect of Community-Based Integrated Care for Patients With Diabetes and Depression (CIC-PDD) in China: A Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Trial.Diabetes care · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Diabetic Foot Talk-Time: framework for effective communication in diabetic foot management.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Article
- A review of the growth and development of Australian practice nursing: Insights for the dietetic workforce.Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia · 2022Review
- Integrated self-management support provided by primary care nurses to persons with chronic diseases and common mental disorders: a scoping review.BMC nursing · 2022Article
- Moving from "let's fix them" to "actually listen": the development of a primary care intervention for mental-physical multimorbidity.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Knowledge and Attitude of 851 Nursing Personnel toward Depression in General Hospitals of Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2015Article
- Using care plans to better manage multimorbidity.The Australasian medical journal · 2015Article
- Practice nurse involvement in primary care depression management: an observational cost-effectiveness analysis.BMC family practice · 2014Observational
- Article
- Evaluation of collaborative models of care in the management of patients with depression: protocol and progress.Mental health in family medicine · 2012Article
- The Effect of Multimorbidity Patterns and the Impact of Comorbid Anxiety and Depression on Primary Health Service Use: The Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) Study.American journal of men's healthArticle
- Collaborative Care and Related Interventions in Patients With Heart Disease: An Update and New Directions.PsychosomaticsReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) or coronary heart disease (CHD), depression is under diagnosed and under treated despite being associated with worse clinical outcomes. Our earlier pilot study demonstrated that it was feasible, acceptable and affordable for practice nurses to extend their role to include screening for and monitoring of depression alongside biological and lifestyle risk factors. The current study will compare the clinical outcomes of our model of practice nurse-led collaborative care with usual care for patients with depression and T2DM or CHD.
methodsThis is a cluster-randomised intervention trial. Eighteen general practices from regional and metropolitan areas agreed to join this study, and were allocated randomly to an intervention or control group. We aim to recruit 50 patients with co-morbid depression and diabetes or heart disease from each of these practices. In the intervention group, practice nurses (PNs) will be trained for their enhanced roles in this nurse-led collaborative care study. Patients will be invited to attend a practice nurse consultation every 3 months prior to seeing their usual general practitioner. The PN will assess psychological, physiological and lifestyle parameters then work with the patient to set management goals. The outcome of this assessment will form the basis of a GP Management Plan document. In the control group, the patients will continue to receive their usual care for the first six months of the study before the PNs undergo the training and switch to the intervention protocol. The primary clinical outcome will be a reduction in the depression score. The study will also measure the impact on physiological measures, quality of life and on patient attitude to health care delivered by practice nurses.
conclusionThe strength of this programme is that it provides a sustainable model of chronic disease management with monitoring and self-management assistance for physiological, lifestyle and psychological risk factors for high-risk patients with co-morbid depression, diabetes or heart disease. The study will demonstrate whether nurse-led collaborative care achieves better outcomes than usual care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.