ReviewRespiratory research2009
Alveolar hypoxia, alveolar macrophages, and systemic inflammation.
Review in Respiratory research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Kidney-Lung Crosstalk in Acute Nephrologic Involvement: Mechanisms, Complement Activation, and Implications for Multiorgan Dysfunction.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring the Influence of Metabolic Changes in Fibrotic Lung Diseases.Pulmonary circulation · 2025Review
- Atelectasis predicts poor prognosis in pediatric macrolides-unresponsiveFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Observational
- Systemic Manifestations of COPD and the Impact of Dual Bronchodilation with Tiotropium/Olodaterol on Cardiac Function and Autonomic Integrity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Hypoxia Aggravates Inhibition of Alveolar Epithelial Na-Transport by Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulation of Alveolar Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Acute or chronic pulmonary emphysema? Or both?-A contribution to the diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation in cases with pre-existing chronic emphysema.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Article
- Cellular and Molecular Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Linking Lung Infection to the Brain.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Association of Age with the Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors HIF-1α, HIF-2α, HIF-3α and VEGF in Lung and Heart of Tibetan Sheep.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2019Article
- Decreased Ambient Oxygen Tension Alters the Expression of Endothelin-1, iNOS and cGMP in Rat Alveolar Macrophages.International journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
- Age, Sex and Weight Effects on Lactate and Leukocyte Response to Exercise in Children and Adolescents.European journal of sports & exercise science · 2018Article
- Post-treatment with Ma-Huang-Tang ameliorates cold-warm-cycles induced rat lung injury.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Renal F4/80+ CD11c+ mononuclear phagocytes display phenotypic and functional characteristics of macrophages in health and in adriamycin nephropathy.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2015Article
- Blunt Chest Trauma in Mice after Cigarette Smoke-Exposure: Effects of Mechanical Ventilation with 100% O2.PloS one · 2015Article
- Exposure to 100% Oxygen Abolishes the Impairment of Fracture Healing after Thoracic Trauma.PloS one · 2015Article
- Article
- Intestinal epithelial apoptosis initiates gut mucosal injury during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the newborn piglet.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2014Article
- Enalapril mitigates focal alveolar lesions, a histological marker of late pulmonary injury by radiation to the lung.Radiation research · 2013Article
- Prednisolone as preservation additive prevents from ischemia reperfusion injury in a rat model of orthotopic lung transplantation.PloS one · 2013Article
- Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 released from alveolar macrophages mediates the systemic inflammation of acute alveolar hypoxia.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Diseases featuring abnormally low alveolar PO2 are frequently accompanied by systemic effects. The common presence of an underlying inflammatory component suggests that inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of the systemic effects of alveolar hypoxia. While the role of alveolar macrophages in the immune and defense functions of the lung has been long known, recent evidence indicates that activation of alveolar macrophages causes inflammatory disturbances in the systemic microcirculation. The purpose of this review is to describe observations in experimental animals showing that alveolar macrophages initiate a systemic inflammatory response to alveolar hypoxia. Evidence obtained in intact animals and in primary cell cultures indicate that alveolar macrophages activated by hypoxia release a mediator(s) into the circulation. This mediator activates perivascular mast cells and initiates a widespread systemic inflammation. The inflammatory cascade includes activation of the local renin-angiotensin system and results in increased leukocyte-endothelial interactions in post-capillary venules, increased microvascular levels of reactive O2 species; and extravasation of albumin. Given the known extrapulmonary responses elicited by activation of alveolar macrophages, this novel phenomenon could contribute to some of the systemic effects of conditions featuring low alveolar PO2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.