Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2009
Adult male circumcision does not reduce the risk of incident Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Trichomonas vaginalis infection: results from a randomized, controlled trial in Kenya.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Trichomoniasis and HIV interactions: a review.Sexually transmitted infections · 2013Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for sexual transmission of HIV in India.PloS one · 2012Pooled it
- Randomized controlled trials of interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections: learning from the past to plan for the future.Epidemiologic reviews · 2010Pooled it
- Male Circumcision Reduces Penile HPV Incidence and Persistence: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Kenya.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Trial
- Male circumcision and Mycoplasma genitalium infection in female partners: a randomised trial in Rakai, Uganda.Sexually transmitted infections · 2014Trial
- Medical male circumcision and herpes simplex virus 2 acquisition: posttrial surveillance in Kisumu, Kenya.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Trial
- Male circumcision significantly reduces prevalence and load of genital anaerobic bacteria.mBio · 2013Trial
- The effect of medical male circumcision on urogenital Mycoplasma genitalium among men in Kisumu, Kenya.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2012Trial
- Circumcision and reduced risk of self-reported penile coital injuries: results from a randomized controlled trial in Kisumu, Kenya.The Journal of urology · 2010Trial
- Does the evidence support circumcision of infant males in the United Kingdom?-a systematic review.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Review
- Sexually transmitted infection prevalence and Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance patterns in men who have sex with men with or without urethral discharge syndrome in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2024.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- What is the medical evidence on non-therapeutic child circumcision?International journal of impotence research · 2023Review
- Article
- Infant Circumcision for Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Reduction Globally.Global health, science and practice · 2022Article
- Genitourinary Infections Related to Circumcision and the Potential Impact on Male Infertility.The world journal of men's health · 2022Review
- Immune milieu and microbiome of the distal urethra in Ugandan men: impact of penile circumcision and implications for HIV susceptibility.Microbiome · 2022Article
- Evidence-based circumcision policy for Australia.Journal of men's health · 2022Article
- Does Male Circumcision Reduce Women's Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Cervical Cancer, and Associated Conditions?Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
- Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (full version).Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe examined the effect of male circumcision on the acquisition of 3 nonulcerative sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
methodsWe evaluated the incidence of STI among men aged 18-24 years enrolled in a randomized trial of circumcision to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Kisumu, Kenya. The outcome was first incident nonulcerative STI during 2 years of follow-up. STIs examined were laboratory-detected Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis infection.
resultsThere were 342 incident infections among 2655 men followed up. The incidences of infection due to N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, and T. vaginalis were 3.48, 4.55, and 1.32 cases per 100 person-years, respectively. The combined incidence of N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis infection was 7.26 cases per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval, 6.49-8.13 cases per 100 person-years). The incidences of these STIs, individually or combined, did not differ by circumcision status as a time-dependent variable or a fixed variable based on assignment. Risks for incident STIs in multivariate analysis included an STI at enrollment, multiple sex partners within <30 days, and sexual intercourse during menses in the previous 6 months; condom use was protective.
conclusionsCircumcision of men in this population did not reduce their risk of acquiring these nonulcerative STIs. Improved STI control will require more-effective STI management, including partner treatment and behavioral risk reduction counseling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.