Trial reportNature medicine2009
HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,202 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Study to Compare the Efficacy of Vorinostat/Hydroxychloroquine/Maraviroc (VHM) in Controlling HIV After Treatment Interruption in Subjects Who Initiated ART During Acute HIV Infection
A Proof-of-concept Study to Assess the Effect of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone on the Size of the Replication-competent Viral Reservoir in HIV-infected Individuals on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy
Pilot Study Using 123I Radiolabeled 3BNC117 SPECT/CT to Image HIV Reservoir in Chronically Infected HIV Patients
Who cites it
1,202 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,712 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between baseline HIV-1 DNA levels and clinical outcomes in people living with HIV: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Pooled it
- Low-Dose Hydrocortisone and Cognition in Women With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Brief Report: Low-Dose Methotrexate Does Not Affect Measures of HIV-1 Persistence in Individuals With Chronically Treated HIV-1 Infection.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Differential CpG methylation in theEpigenetics · 2026Article
- SIV reservoir depletion and clearance from neonatal macaques following transient CCR5 depletion.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Natural killer cells against viral infection: from basic biology to immunotherapy.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Microbiome-derived metabolites shape CD4+ T cell differentiation and immune aging in HIV-1 infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Phenotypic analysis of productively SIV-infected cells in blood and lymphoid tissues of rhesus macaques.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Identification of distinct HIV reservoir phenotypes and associated immune landscapes.JCI insight · 2026Article
- HIV-1 viral load and reservoir size remain stable following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people with HIV.HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Quantification and localization of integrated HIV-1 in memory and naïve CD4+ T cells from adolescents and young adults with perinatally-acquired HIV-1.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Targeting rapidly cycling receptors CD2 and CD7 increases nanoparticle delivery to primary CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- GRHAL1, a novel lncRNA, regulates HIV-1 gene expression by modulating Tat- and Sp1-mediated HIV-1 LTR activation.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Three immunoregulatory signatures define non-productive HIV infection in stem cell memory CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Clinical trial simulation of antiviral drugs.Journal of virology · 2026Review
1,142 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
HIV persists in a reservoir of latently infected CD4(+) T cells in individuals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Here we identify central memory (T(CM)) and transitional memory (T(TM)) CD4(+) T cells as the major cellular reservoirs for HIV and find that viral persistence is ensured by two different mechanisms. HIV primarily persists in T(CM) cells in subjects showing reconstitution of the CD4(+) compartment upon HAART. This reservoir is maintained through T cell survival and low-level antigen-driven proliferation and is slowly depleted with time. In contrast, proviral DNA is preferentially detected in T(TM) cells from aviremic individuals with low CD4(+) counts and higher amounts of interleukin-7-mediated homeostatic proliferation, a mechanism that ensures the persistence of these cells. Our results suggest that viral eradication might be achieved through the combined use of strategic interventions targeting viral replication and, as in cancer, drugs that interfere with the self renewal and persistence of proliferating memory T cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.