Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19541947›Full record

ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2009

A longitudinal study of policy effect (smoke-free legislation) on smoking norms: ITC Scotland/United Kingdom.

Abraham Brown, Crawford Moodie, Gerard Hastings

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Associations Between County-Level Vape-Free Air Law Coverage and E-Cigarette Use Behaviors Among U.S. Adolescents in Monitoring the Future.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2026
    Article
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  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Use of a Living Lab Approach to Implement a Smoke-Free Campus Policy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Inequalities in Smoking and Quitting-Related Outcomes Among Adults With and Without Children in the Household 2013-2019: A Population Survey in England.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Willingness to Oppose Smoking among Pregnant Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Smoke-free workplaces are associated with smoke-free homes in India: evidence for action.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Abraham BrownCentre for Tobacco Control Research, Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK. akb2@stir.ac.uk
Crawford Moodie
Gerard Hastings

Funding

Project 3: Policy Effects on Cigarette Design, Emissions &BehaviorP50CA111236 · NCI · ROSWELL PARK CANCER INSTITUTE CORP · PI CUMMINGS, KENNETH MICHAEL · 2004 to 2009
$8.2M
Cancer Research UK C312/A3726NCI NIH HHS P50 CA111236
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe longitudinal ITC Scotland/U.K. survey was used to investigate adult smokers' support for smoke-free legislation and whether this support was associated with higher quit intentions at follow-up, either directly or indirectly, via the mediation of perceived social unacceptability of smoking.

methodsStructural equation modeling was employed to compare differences between the two samples (507 adult smokers from Scotland and 507 from the rest of the United Kingdom) across two waves (February/March 2006 and March 2007). During these two waves, a smoking ban was introduced in Scotland but not the rest of the United Kingdom.

resultsFor smokers in both samples, support for smoke-free legislation at baseline significantly heightened perceived unacceptability of smoking, although perceptions of unacceptability were somewhat stronger in Scotland than the rest of the United Kingdom postban. Unlike the rest of the United Kingdom, support for a ban at baseline among smokers in Scotland was associated with higher quit intentions at follow-up. For both samples, quit intentions were significantly associated with heightened perceived unacceptability at follow-up. The overall variance explained in quit intentions was greater in Scotland than in the rest of the United Kingdom but not significantly so. DISCUSSION: Support for smoke-free legislation at baseline significantly increased support at follow-up for both samples. However, this did not independently increase quit intentions among smokers from both Scotland and the rest of the United Kingdom. The findings suggest that normative influences are one of the mechanisms through which comprehensive smoke-free legislation influences quit intentions.

Indexed as

Health PolicySmokingAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedModels, PsychologicalUnited Kingdom

Identifiers

PMID19541947
PMCPMC2711981

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.