ReviewTrends in immunology2009
B cells and aging: molecules and mechanisms.
Review in Trends in immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Immunogenicity of H5N1 influenza vaccines in elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Pooled it
- Immunosenescence: A systems-level overview of immune cell biology and strategies for improving vaccine responses.Experimental gerontology · 2019Pooled it
- Combination of the ProbioticsFrontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Age-associated B cells predict coronary events in humans and aggravate murine atherosclerosis.Cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- Review
- What Do We Know About Immune System Aging from Human and Animal Studies?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dysregulated NF-κB dynamics impair proteostasis and drive premature differentiation in aging B cell development.Cell press blue · 2026Article
- Architectural fragility of gene regulatory networks underlies hematopoietic stem cell aging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Tissue-specific autoantibody signatures reveal immune alterations undetected by routine serology in long COVID.GeroScience · 2026Article
- The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker of immunosenescence and COVID-19 outcomes in the elderly: A narrative review.Physiological reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Immunoporosis: The hidden link between aging immune cells and bone fragility.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Age-associated defect in ADCC response to COVID-19 vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Aging-associated changes in immunological parameters: Implications for COVID-19 immune response in the elderly.Physiological reports · 2025Review
- Review
- Inflammaging: triggers, molecular mechanisms, immunological consequences, sex differences, and cutaneous manifestations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune aging and infectious diseases.Chinese medical journal · 2024Review
- Biologically informed machine learning modeling of immune cells to reveal physiological and pathological aging process.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- Tobacco exposure, but not aging, shifts the frequency of peripheral blood B cell subpopulations.GeroScience · 2024Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent advances allow aging-associated changes in B-cell function to be approached at a mechanistic level. Reduced expression of genes crucial to lineage commitment and differentiation yield diminished B-cell production. Moreover, intrinsic differences in the repertoire generated by B-cell precursors in aged individuals, coupled with falling B-cell generation rates and life-long homeostatic competition, result in narrowed clonotypic diversity. Similarly, reductions in gene products crucial for immunoglobulin class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation impact the efficacy of humoral immune responses. Together, these findings set the stage for integrated analyses of how age-related changes at the molecular, cellular and population levels interact to yield the overall aging phenotype.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.