Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19540366›Full record

ArticleRespiratory physiology & neurobiology2009

Multiple pontomedullary mechanisms of respiratory rhythmogenesis.

A P L Abdala, I A Rybak, J C Smith, D B Zoccal, B H Machado, W M St-John, J F R Paton

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. An update on spinal cord injury and diaphragm neuromotor control.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The intractable problems with brain death and possible solutions.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2021
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. C57BL/6J mouse apolipoprotein A2 gene is deterministic for apnea.Respiratory physiology & neurobiology · 2017
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Observational
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Respiratory rhythm generation in vivo.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2014
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

A P L AbdalaDepartment of Physiology & Pharmacology, Bristol Heart Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
I A Rybak
J C Smith
D B Zoccal
B H Machado
W M St-John
J F R Paton
Universidade de São Paulo · BRDrexel University · USNational Institutes of Health · USUniversity of Bristol · GB

Funding

Neural Mechanisms Controlling Breathing In MammalsZIANS002899 · NINDS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE · PI SMITH, JEFFREY C · 2009 to 2023
$21.1M
CRCNS: State dependent neural mechanisms for respiratory pattern generationR01NS057815 · NINDS · DREXEL UNIVERSITY · PI RYBAK, ILYA A · 2006 to 2010
$1.4M
Modeling of pathogenic breathing pattern dysregulation in cardiopulmonary diseaseR33HL087379 · NHLBI · DREXEL UNIVERSITY · PI RYBAK, ILYA A · 2008 to 2010
$561k
British Heart FoundationNHLBI NIH HHS R33 HL087379NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS057815
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mammalian central pattern generators producing rhythmic movements exhibit robust but flexible behavior. However, brainstem network architectures that enable these features are not well understood. Using precise sequential transections through the pons to medulla, it was observed that there was compartmentalization of distinct rhythmogenic mechanisms in the ponto-medullary respiratory network, which has rostro-caudal organization. The eupneic 3-phase respiratory pattern was transformed to a 2-phase and then to a 1-phase pattern as the network was physically reduced. The pons, the retrotrapezoid nucleus and glycine mediated inhibition are all essential for expression of the 3-phase rhythm. The 2-phase rhythm depends on inhibitory interactions (reciprocal) between Bötzinger and pre-Bötzinger complexes, whereas the 1-phase-pattern is generated within the pre-Bötzinger complex and is reliant on the persistent sodium current. In conditions of forced expiration, the RTN region was found to be essential for the expression of abdominal late expiratory activity. However, it is unknown whether the RTN generates or simply relays this activity. Entrained with the central respiratory network is the sympathetic nervous system, which exhibits patterns of discharge coupled with the respiratory cycle (in terms of both gain and phase of coupling) and dysfunctions in this coupling appear to underpin pathological conditions. In conclusion, the respiratory network has rhythmogenic capabilities at multiple levels of network organization, allowing expression of motor patterns specific for various physiological and pathophysiological respiratory behaviors.

Indexed as

PeriodicityRespirationAnimalsHumansModels, BiologicalNeural PathwaysPonsRespiratory Center

Identifiers

PMID19540366
PMCPMC2734878
OpenAlexW2109005882

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.