ArticleFrontiers in zoology2009
The central nervous system of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) shows positive immunostaining for a chordate glial secretion.
Article in Frontiers in zoology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Echinoderm Radial Glia-Like Cells Express Vertebrate Glial Markers.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2025Article
- Reduced Adult Neurogenesis in Humans Results From a Tradeoff Rather Than Direct Negative Selection.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- A Novel Cystatin Gene from Sea Cucumber (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sea cucumbers: an emerging system in evo-devo.EvoDevo · 2024Review
- Echinoderm radial glia in adult cell renewal, indeterminate growth, and regeneration.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2023Review
- Minding the gut: extending embodied cognition and perception to the gut complex.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Neuroecology beyond the brain: learning in Echinodermata.Learning & behavior · 2022Review
- Dedifferentiation of radial glia-like cells is observed in in vitro explants of holothurian radial nerve cord.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2021Article
- The Enigmatic Reissner's Fiber and the Origin of Chordates.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2021Review
- Neurons and Glia Cells in Marine Invertebrates: An Update.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Review
- Radial Glia in Echinoderms.Developmental neurobiology · 2019Review
- Evolution of Neuroglia.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2019Review
- Distribution and dynamic expression of serotonin and dopamine in the nervous system and ovary of Holothuria scabra during ovarian maturation.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2018Article
- The complex simplicity of the brittle star nervous system.Frontiers in zoology · 2018Article
- Physiology of Astroglia.Physiological reviews · 2018Review
- Stratification of astrocytes in healthy and diseased brain.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Early evolution of radial glial cells in Bilateria.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2017Article
- The homeostatic astroglia emerges from evolutionary specialization of neural cells.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Review
- Functional Morphology of the Arm Spine Joint and Adjacent Structures of the Brittlestar Ophiocomina nigra (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea).PloS one · 2016Article
- Heterogeneous generation of new cells in the adult echinoderm nervous system.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEchinoderms and chordates belong to the same monophyletic taxon, the Deuterostomia. In spite of significant differences in body plan organization, the two phyla may share more common traits than was thought previously. Of particular interest are the common features in the organization of the central nervous system. The present study employs two polyclonal antisera raised against bovine Reissner's substance (RS), a secretory product produced by glial cells of the subcomissural organ, to study RS-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of sea cucumbers.
resultsIn the ectoneural division of the nervous system, both antisera recognize the content of secretory vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm of the radial glia-like cells of the neuroepithelium and in the flattened glial cells of the non-neural epineural roof epithelium. The secreted immunopositive material seems to form a thin layer covering the cell apices. There is no accumulation of the immunoreactive material on the apical surface of the hyponeural neuroepithelium or the hyponeural roof epithelium. Besides labelling the supporting cells and flattened glial cells of the epineural roof epithelium, both anti-RS antisera reveal a previously unknown putative glial cell type within the neural parenchyma of the holothurian nervous system.
conclusionOur results show that: a) the glial cells of the holothurian tubular nervous system produce a material similar to Reissner's substance known to be synthesized by secretory glial cells in all chordates studied so far; b) the nervous system of sea cucumbers shows a previously unrealized complexity of glial organization. Our findings also provide significant clues for interpretation of the evolution of the nervous system in the Deuterostomia. It is suggested that echinoderms and chordates might have inherited the RS-producing radial glial cell type from the central nervous system of their common ancestor, i.e., the last common ancestor of all the Deuterostomia.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.