ReviewExpert review of vaccines2009
Meningococcal vaccines and herd immunity: lessons learned from serogroup C conjugate vaccination programs.
Review in Expert review of vaccines, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carriage prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis in China, 2005-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic literature review of the impact and effectiveness of monovalent meningococcal C conjugated vaccines when used in routine immunization programs.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Serogroup-specific meningococcal carriage by age group: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- Meningococcal carriage by age in the African meningitis belt: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Pooled it
- The cost and public health burden of invasive meningococcal disease outbreaks: a systematic review.PharmacoEconomics · 2013Pooled it
- Carriage prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis in the Americas in the 21st century: a systematic review.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesPooled it
- Meningococcal ACWYX Conjugate Vaccine in 2-to-29-Year-Olds in Mali and Gambia.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- Long-term immunogenicity and safety after a single dose of the quadrivalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in adolescents and adults: 5-year follow-up of an open, randomized trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of investigational vaccine formulations against meningococcal serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y in healthy adolescents.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Immune response, antibody persistence, and safety of a single dose of the quadrivalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in adolescents and adults: results of an open, randomised, controlled study.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Trial
- Meningococcal meningitis in Spain in the Horizon 2030: A position paper.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2024Review
- Pandemic's influence on parents' attitudes and behaviors toward meningococcal vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Real-world impact and effectiveness of MenACWY-TT.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Evolution of Vaccines Formulation to Tackle the Challenge of Anti-Microbial Resistant Pathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Product review on the IMD serogroup B vaccine Bexsero®.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Meningococcal disease in North America: Updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative.The Journal of infection · 2022Review
- Synthetic Glycans to Improve Current Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Fight Antimicrobial Resistance.Chemical reviews · 2022Review
- Vaccine Impact and Effectiveness of Meningococcal Serogroup ACWY Conjugate Vaccine Implementation in the Netherlands: A Nationwide Surveillance Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Meningococcal Serogroup C Bactericidal Antibodies after Primary Vaccination: A Multicentre Study, Italy.Vaccines · 2022Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Effective vaccines provide direct protection to immunized individuals, but may also provide benefits to unvaccinated individuals by reducing transmission and thereby lowering the risk of infection. Such herd immunity effects have been demonstrated following the introduction of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccines, with reductions in disease attack rates in unimmunized individuals and significantly lower serogroup C carriage attributable to the vaccine introduction. In the UK, targeting teenagers for immunization was crucial in maximizing indirect effects, as most meningococcal transmission occurs in this age group. Questions remain regarding the duration of herd protection and the most appropriate long-term immunization strategies. The magnitude of the herd effects following MCC vaccination was largely unanticipated, and has important consequences for the design and evaluation of new meningococcal vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.