ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
Macrophage delivery of nanoformulated antiretroviral drug to the brain in a murine model of neuroAIDS.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 234 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Harnessing macrophage signaling pathways and scalable engineering for next-generation immunotherapies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Therapeutic strategies based on macrophages and their derivatives: Targeted drug delivery platforms and disease treatment.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Review
- Navigating the brain: Harnessing endogenous cellular hitchhiking for targeting neoplastic and neuroinflammatory diseases.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Nanoparticle-Based Antiretroviral Drug Delivery Systems for HIV Treatment and Prevention: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Bottom-up Biomaterial strategies for creating tailored stem cells in regenerative medicine.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Macrophage based drug delivery: Key challenges and strategies.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Viral Diseases: Smaller Solution to Bigger Problems.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Biomimetic Systems Involving Macrophages and Their Potential for Targeted Drug Delivery.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A Review of Single-Cell Microrobots: Classification, Driving Methods and Applications.Micromachines · 2023Review
- Targeted Nanocarriers Co-Opting Pulmonary Intravascular Leukocytes for Drug Delivery to the Injured Brain.ACS nano · 2023Article
- Cell-Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery to the Brain for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Macrophage cell membrane-based nanoparticles: a new promising biomimetic platform for targeted delivery and treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Exposure of the Basophilic Cell Line KU812 to Liposomes Reveals Activation Profiles Associated with Potential Anaphylactic Responses Linked to Physico-Chemical Characteristics.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Developments in Neuroprotection for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND).Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Review
- The interaction between nanoparticles and immune system: application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Nanomedicine to fight infectious disease.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- The evolution of commercial drug delivery technologies.Nature biomedical engineering · 2021Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) shows variable blood-brain barrier penetration. This may affect the development of neurological complications of HIV infection. In attempts to attenuate viral growth for the nervous system, cell-based nanoformulations were developed with the focus on improving drug pharmacokinetics. We reasoned that ART carriage could be facilitated within blood-borne macrophages traveling across the blood-brain barrier. To test this idea, an HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE) rodent model was used where HIV-1-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages were stereotactically injected into the subcortex of severe combined immunodeficient mice. ART was prepared using indinavir (IDV) nanoparticles (NP, nanoART) loaded into murine bone marrow macrophages (BMM, IDV-NP-BMM) after ex vivo cultivation. IDV-NP-BMM was administered i.v. to mice resulting in continuous IDV release for 14 days. Rhodamine-labeled IDV-NP was readily observed in areas of HIVE and specifically in brain subregions with active astrogliosis, microgliosis, and neuronal loss. IDV-NP-BMM treatment led to robust IDV levels and reduced HIV-1 replication in HIVE brain regions. We conclude that nanoART targeting to diseased brain through macrophage carriage is possible and can be considered in developmental therapeutics for HIV-associated neurological disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.