ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Kinetics and phenotype of vaccine-induced CD8+ T-cell responses to Toxoplasma gondii.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective Immunity Induced by DNA Vaccines Encoding TgGRA47 and TgGRA72 AgainstTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- From pathogen to cure: exploring the antitumor potential of Toxoplasma gondii.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Review
- Review of neosporosis: Disease insights and control approaches.Open veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Article
- Early T-bet promotes LFA1 upregulation required for CD8+ effector and memory T cell development.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Impact of secondary TCR engagement on the heterogeneity of pathogen-specific CD8+ T cell response during acute and chronic toxoplasmosis.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Understanding the Immune System in Fetal Protection and Maternal Infections during Pregnancy.Journal of immunology research · 2022Review
- Impact of maternal nutrition in viral infections during pregnancy.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2021Review
- Observational
- Imiquimod Targets Toxoplasmosis Through Modulating Host Toll-Like Receptor-MyD88 Signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The Toxoplasma gondii virulence factor ROP16 acts in cis and trans, and suppresses T cell responses.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Article
- The IL-12- and IL-23-Dependent NK Cell Response Is Essential for Protective Immunity against SecondaryJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- The Unique Microbiome and Innate Immunity During Pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Rhoptry and Dense Granule Secreted Effectors Regulate CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- PD-L1, TIM-3, and CTLA-4 Blockade Fails To Promote Resistance to Secondary Infection with Virulent Strains of Toxoplasma gondii.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Cancer therapy in a microbial bottle: Uncorking the novel biology of the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii.PLoS pathogens · 2017Review
- Secretion of Rhoptry and Dense Granule Effector Proteins by Nonreplicating Toxoplasma gondii Uracil Auxotrophs Controls the Development of Antitumor Immunity.PLoS genetics · 2016Article
- AttenuatedOncoimmunology · 2016Article
- Canine neosporosis: perspectives on pathogenesis and management.Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Review
- Role of CD4+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Protection Induced by a Live Attenuated, Replicating Type I Vaccine Strain of Toxoplasma gondii.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple studies have established that the ability of CD8(+) T cells to act as cytolytic effectors and produce gamma interferon is important in mediating resistance to the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. To better understand the generation of the antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses induced by T. gondii, mice were immunized with replication-deficient parasites that express the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Class I tetramers specific for SIINFEKL were used to track the OVA-specific endogenous CD8(+) T cells. The peak CD8(+) T-cell response was found at day 10 postimmunization, after which the frequency and numbers of antigen-specific cells declined. Unexpectedly, replication-deficient parasites were found to induce antigen-specific cells with faster kinetics than replicating parasites. The generation of optimal numbers of antigen-specific CD8(+) effector T cells was found to require CD4(+) T-cell help. At 7 days following immunization, antigen-specific cells were found to be CD62L(low), KLRG1(+), and CD127(low), and they maintained this phenotype for more than 70 days. Antigen-specific CD8(+) effector T cells in immunized mice exhibited potent perforin-dependent OVA-specific cytolytic activity in vivo. Perforin-dependent cytolysis appeared to be the major cytolytic mechanism; however, a perforin-independent pathway that was not mediated via Fas-FasL was also detected. This study provides further insight into vaccine-induced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses that correlate with protective immunity to T. gondii and identifies a critical role for CD4(+) T cells in the generation of protective CD8(+) T-cell responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.