ArticleAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2009
CCL20/MIP3alpha is a novel anti-HIV-1 molecule of the human female reproductive tract.
Article in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Fusion Machinery With Antiviral Peptides: In Silico Exploration of the Heptad Repeat 2 Domain.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Mucosal Dynamics Contributing to Innate Immune Responses to HIV in the Human Female Genital Tract.Viruses · 2026Review
- Mental Health, Mucosal Immunity, and HIV Susceptibility Following Sexual Violence: Evidence from the THRIVE Study.Viruses · 2026Article
- Spatial and functional diversity of innate lymphoid cells in the human female genital tract may contribute to antiviral responses to HIV.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Harnessing 2D and 3D human endometrial cell culture models to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Article
- Human genital dendritic cell heterogeneity confers differential rapid response to HIV-1 exposure.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cervical and systemic innate immunity predictors of HIV risk linked to genital herpes acquisition and time from HSV-2 seroconversion.Sexually transmitted infections · 2023Article
- Review
- Preventing Respiratory Viral Diseases with Antimicrobial Peptide Master Regulators in the Lung Airway Habitat.Clinics and practice · 2023Review
- Peripheral blood CD4Communications biology · 2022Article
- The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Do endometrial immune changes with age prior to menopause compromise fertility in women?Exploration of immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Semen: A modulator of female genital tract inflammation and a vector for HIV-1 transmission.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2021Review
- HIV Pathogenesis in the Human Female Reproductive Tract.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Distinct lipid profile, low-level inflammation, and increased antioxidant defense signature in HIV-1 elite control status.iScience · 2021Article
- Sex Hormones and Aging Modulate Interferon Lambda 1 Production and Signaling by Human Uterine Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Localized and Systemic Immune Response in Human Reproductive Tract.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Innate lymphoid cells are reduced in pregnant HIV positive women and are associated with preterm birth.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- A balanced game: chicken macrophage response to ALV-J infection.Veterinary research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
problemCCL20/MIP3alpha is a chemokine for immature dendritic cells as well as an antibacterial against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The role of CCL20/MIP3alpha as an antiviral is unknown. In this study, we have examined the production of CCL20/MIP3alpha by epithelial cells from the upper female reproductive tract as well as its activity as an antiviral molecule. METHOD OF STUDY: Primary uterine and Fallopian tube epithelial cells were treated with Poly(I:C) and CCL20/MIP3alpha mRNA and protein was measured by Realtime RT-PCR and ELISA assays. Anti-HIV activity was determined using an indicator cell line TZM-bl and quantified by using a luminometer.
resultsPrimary uterine and Fallopian tube epithelial cells produce CCL20/MIP3alpha constitutively and the production is enhanced following stimulation with viral double-stranded RNA mimic Poly(I:C). Recombinant CCL20/MIP3alpha was able to inhibit both T-cell-tropic X4/IIIB and macrophage-tropic R5/BaL HIV-1 when virus was directly incubated with CCL20/MIP3alpha but not when CCL20/MIP3alpha was added to cells either prior to infection or post-infection. This suggests that the mechanism of inhibition is likely to be a direct interaction between HIV-1 and CCL20/MIP3alpha.
conclusionThis study demonstrates that CCL20/MIP3alpha is an important endogenous anti-HIV-1 microbicide of the female reproductive tract.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.