ArticleCell2009
Retinoblastoma has properties of a cone precursor tumor and depends upon cone-specific MDM2 signaling.
Article in Cell, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 239 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypic Spectrum of Benign Lobular Inner Nuclear Layer Proliferations: A Multicenter Analysis and Review of the Literature.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2025Pooled it
- The human THRB thyroid hormone receptor gene and the puzzle of retinal disease phenotypes.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- Retinoblastoma and Its Tumor Microenvironment.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Longitudinal analysis of retinal cell state transitions in RB1-deficient retinal organoids reveals the nascent cone precursors are the earliest cell-origin of human retinoblastoma.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- The trends of retinoblastoma research in the past decade.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Human Retinal Organoid Modeling Defines Developmental Window and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in MYCN-Amplified Retinoblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Thyroid hormone signaling in ocular development and diseases.Biological research · 2025Review
- Retinoma: An overview.Pediatric investigation · 2025Review
- Phase separation of RXRγ drives tumor chemoresistance and represents a therapeutic target for small-cell lung cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Delving Into Retinoblastoma Genetics: Discovery of Novel Mutations and Their Clinical Impact: Retrospective Cohort Study.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Tumor heterogeneity in retinoblastoma: a literature review.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Differentiation versus dysfunction: thyroid hormone, deiodinases and retinal photoreceptors.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- A MYCN-driven de-differentiation profile identifies a subgroup of aggressive retinoblastoma.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Blastocyst-like Structures in the Peripheral Retina of Young Adult Beagles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Patterns in the tapestry of chromatin-bound RB.Trends in cell biology · 2024Review
- Gentiopicroside inhibits retinoblastoma cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis in nude mice by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Inhibition of high level E2F in a RB1 proficient MYCN overexpressing chicken retinoblastoma model normalizes neoplastic behaviour.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Investigation of PACAP38 and PAC1 Receptor Expression in Human Retinoblastoma and the Effect of PACAP38 Administration on Human Y-79 Retinoblastoma Cells.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Potential of Aqueous Humor Sampling in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Retinoblastoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Review
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Retinoblastomas result from the inactivation of the RB1 gene and the loss of Rb protein, yet the cell type in which Rb suppresses retinoblastoma and the circuitry that underlies the need for Rb are undefined. Here, we show that retinoblastoma cells express markers of postmitotic cone precursors but not markers of other retinal cell types. We also demonstrate that human cone precursors prominently express MDM2 and N-Myc, that retinoblastoma cells require both of these proteins for proliferation and survival, and that MDM2 is needed to suppress ARF-induced apoptosis in cultured retinoblastoma cells. Interestingly, retinoblastoma cell MDM2 expression was regulated by the cone-specific RXRgamma transcription factor and a human-specific RXRgamma consensus binding site, and proliferation required RXRgamma, as well as the cone-specific thyroid hormone receptor-beta2. These findings provide support for a cone precursor origin of retinoblastoma and suggest that human cone-specific signaling circuitry sensitizes to the oncogenic effects of RB1 mutations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.