ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2009
Association of socioeconomic status with inflammation markers in black and white men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic status in childhood and C reactive protein in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic review of the evidence of a relationship between chronic psychosocial stress and C-reactive protein.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2013Pooled it
- Biological marks of early-life socioeconomic experience is detected in the adult inflammatory transcriptome.Scientific reports · 2016Trial
- Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status and inflammation in Mexican American women: what is the role of obesity?Psychosomatic medicine · 2012Trial
- Proteomic pathways mediating low socioeconomic status and cardiovascular events in older adults in CHS and ARIC.Atherosclerosis · 2026Article
- Adaptive immune responses to vaccination reflect social status at first exposure in female rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dissecting Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Plasma Molecular Signatures and Their Link to Type 2 Diabetes Risk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The role of individual and regional environment factors on levels of a cardiovascular risk predictor in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Ageing Trajectories: Exposome-Driven Pathobiological Mechanisms and Implications for Prevention from Blue Zones and Italian Longevity Hotspots Such as Cilento and Sicilian Mountain Villages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Do inflammation and relational motivation coordinate having better sex? The interplay between C-reactive protein and relational approach motivation on sexual well-being.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- A narrative review of precision and ethical considerations in cardiovascular health: CRISPR-Cas9, telemedicine, and lifestyle interventions.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Social determinants of inflammatory markers linking depression and type 2 diabetes among women: A scoping review.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2024Article
- Dietary diversity score and the acceleration of biological aging: a population-based study of 88,039 participants.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Article
- Financial responsibility, financial context, and ambulatory blood pressure in early middle-aged African-American women.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Association between psychosocial factors and C-reactive protein across income, race, and sex.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024Article
- The association between material-psychological-behavioral framework of financial hardship and markers of inflammation: a cross-sectional study of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher cohort.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Obesity Is Associated with Increased FEndocrines · 2023Article
- How Can We Improve Vaccination Response in Old People? Part I: Targeting Immunosenescence of Innate Immunity Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Student Debt and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among U.S. Adults in Early Mid-Life.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Individuals with both higher recent negative affect and physical pain have higher levels of C-reactive protein.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are implicated in a number of diseases for which there are known socioeconomic status (SES) disparities, including heart disease and diabetes. Growing evidence also suggests SES gradients in levels of peripheral blood markers of inflammation. However, we know little about potential gender and racial/ethnic differences in associations between SES and inflammation, despite the fact that the burden of inflammation-related diseases varies by gender and race. The present study examines SES (education and income) gradients in levels of two inflammatory biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in a biethnic (White and Black) sample of men and women (n=3549, aged 37-55 years) in the USA from the CARDIA Study. Health status, behavioral and psychosocial variables that may underlie SES differences in inflammatory biomarker levels were also examined. Age-adjusted CRP and IL-6 levels were inversely associated with education level in each race/gender group except Black males. Income gradients were also observed in each race/gender group for IL-6 and in White females and males for CRP. In general, differences in CRP and IL-6 levels between low and high SES groups were reduced in magnitude and significance with the addition of health status, behavioral, and psychosocial variables, although the impact of the addition of model covariates varied across race/gender groups and different SES-inflammation models. Overall, findings indicate SES gradients in levels of inflammation burden in middle-aged White and Black males and females.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.