ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2009
Ankle brachial index measurement in primary care: are we doing it right?
Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05584072 (Evaluation of a Single Claudication Question Combined With Symptom-limited Pedal Plantarflexion Test as a Novel Screening Tool for Detection of Peripheral Arterial Disease in an Outpatient Setting), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of a Single Claudication Question Combined With Symptom-limited Pedal Plantarflexion Test as a Novel Screening Tool for Detection of Peripheral Arterial Disease in an Outpatient Setting
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The reliability of the ankle brachial index: a systematic review.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2019Pooled it
- Physiological Association between Limb Ballistocardiogram and Arterial Blood Pressure Waveforms: A Mathematical Model-Based Analysis.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Ankle brachial index and its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors in pre-diabetes: Two-year cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Diagnostic values of ischemia modified albumin in diabetes-related complications: a narrative review.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2023Review
- Validating fatty acid binding protein 3 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for peripheral arterial disease: A three-year prospective follow-up study.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Perceived Challenges to Routine Uptake of the Ankle Brachial Index within Primary Care Practice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Urinary fatty acid binding protein 3 (uFABP3) is a potential biomarker for peripheral arterial disease.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Relation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Arterial Signal Enhancement to Markers of Peripheral Artery Disease.The American journal of cardiology · 2021Article
- Thermographic Characterization of Cutaneous Ulcers of Different Etiologies.Journal of medical systems · 2020Article
- Fatty acid binding protein 3 is associated with peripheral arterial disease.JVS-vascular science · 2020Article
- Peripheral arterial disease diagnosis and management in primary care: a qualitative study.BJGP open · 2019Article
- Automated plethysmographic measurement of the ankle-brachial index: a comparison with the doppler ultrasound method.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2016Article
- Non-invasive assessment of peripheral arterial disease: Automated ankle brachial index measurement and pulse volume analysis compared to duplex scan.SAGE open medicine · 2016Article
- Atypical leg symptoms: does routine measurement of the ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) in primary care benefit patients?London journal of primary care · 2015Article
- Current utility of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) in general practice: implications for its use in cardiovascular disease screening.BMC family practice · 2014Article
- Comparison between oscillometric- and Doppler-ABI in elderly individuals.Vascular health and risk management · 2013Article
- Article
- To screen or not to screen for peripheral arterial disease in subjects aged 80 and over in primary health care: a cross-sectional analysis from the BELFRAIL study.BMC family practice · 2011Article
- Assessing new methods of clinical measurement.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2009Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe reference standard for diagnosing peripheral arterial disease in primary care is the ankle brachial index (ABI). Various methods to measure ankle and brachial blood pressures and to calculate the index are described.
aimTo compare the ABI measurements performed in primary care with those performed in the vascular laboratory. Furthermore, an inventory was made of methods used to determine the ABI in primary care. DESIGN OF STUDY: Cross-sectional study.
settingPrimary care practice and outpatient clinic.
methodConsecutive patients suspected of peripheral arterial disease based on ABI assessment in primary care practices were included. The ABI measurements were repeated in the vascular laboratory. Referring GPs were interviewed about method of measurement and calculation of the index. From each patient the leg with the lower ABI was used for analysis.
resultsNinety-nine patients of 45 primary care practices with a mean ABI of 0.80 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.27) were included. The mean ABI as measured in the vascular laboratory was 0.82 (SD = 0.26). A Bland-Altman plot demonstrated great variability between ABI measurements in primary care practice and the vascular laboratory. Both method of blood pressure measurements and method of calculating the ABI differed greatly between primary care practices.
conclusionThis study demonstrates that the ABI is often not correctly determined in primary care practice. This phenomenon seems to be due to inaccurate methods for both blood pressure measurements and calculation of the index. A guideline for determining the ABI with a hand-held Doppler, and a training programme seem necessary.
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