Trial reportBritish journal of haematology2009
Phase II study of a TLR-9 agonist (1018 ISS) with rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma.
Trial report in British journal of haematology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- R-CHOP with iodine-131 tositumomab consolidation for advanced stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): SWOG S0433.British journal of haematology · 2014Trial
- Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and inflammation: from fundamental biology to clinic insights.Immunity & inflammation · 2026Review
- Immunometabolic control of macrophage plasticity in wound healing: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- TLR9: A Double-Dealing Toll-Like Receptor.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Innate immunity in tumors: roles and therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of Resistance to Rituximab Used for the Treatment of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- TLR9 agonism differentially impacts human NK cell-mediated direct killing and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Toll-like receptor-guided therapeutic intervention of human cancers: molecular and immunological perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Current Advances in RNA Therapeutics for Human Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Novel Therapy Approaches to Follicular Lymphoma.Drugs · 2021Review
- Novel TLR7 agonist stimulates activity of CIK/NK immunological effector cells to enhance antitumor cytotoxicity.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- The revival of CpG oligonucleotide-based cancer immunotherapies.Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2018Review
- STING Activation Reverses Lymphoma-Mediated Resistance to Antibody Immunotherapy.Cancer research · 2017Article
- A TLR7 agonist enhances the antitumor efficacy of obinutuzumab in murine lymphoma models via NK cells and CD4 T cells.Leukemia · 2017Article
- Therapeutic Antibodies: What Have We Learnt from Targeting CD20 and Where Are We Going?Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Anti-tumor Activity of Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonists.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2017Review
- Synergy of purine-scaffold TLR7 agonist with doxorubicin on systemic inhibition of lymphoma in mouse model.Journal of Cancer · 2017Article
- NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is enhanced by tamoxifen in HER2/neu non-amplified, but not HER2/neu-amplified, breast cancer cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2016Article
- Local administration of a novel Toll-like receptor 7 agonist in combination with doxorubicin induces durable tumouricidal effects in a murine model of T cell lymphoma.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9) agonists have pleotropic effects on both the innate and adaptive immune systems, including increased antigen expression, enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and T helper cell type 1 shift in the immune response. We combined a TLR-9 agonist (1018 ISS, 0.2 mg/kg sc weekly x 4 beginning day 8) with standard rituximab (375 mg/m(2) weekly x 4) in patients (n = 23) with relapsed/refractory, histologically confirmed follicular lymphoma, and evaluated immunological changes following the combination. Treatment was well-tolerated with no significant adverse events attributable to therapy. Clinical responses were observed in 48% of patients; the overall median progression-free survival was 9 months. Biologically relevant increases in ADCC and circulating CD-3 positive T cells were observed in 35% and 39% of patients, respectively. Forty-five percent of patients had increased T cells and dendritic cells in skin biopsies of 1018 ISS injection sites 24 h post-therapy. Pre- and post-biopsies of tumour tissue demonstrated an infiltration of CD8(+) T cells and macrophages following treatment. This group of patients had favourable clinical outcome despite adverse prognostic factors. This study is the first to histologically confirm perturbation of the local immune microenvironment following systemic biological therapy of follicular lymphoma.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.