ArticlePloS one2009
Genetic diversity of the Cryptococcus species complex suggests that Cryptococcus gattii deserves to have varieties.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 100 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low diversity Cryptococcus neoformans variety grubii multilocus sequence types from Thailand are consistent with an ancestral African origin.PLoS pathogens · 2011Trial
- Article
- Genomic Characterization ofVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Studying Human Pathogenic Cryptococcus Gattii Lineages by Utilizing Simple Sequence Repeats to Create Diagnostic Markers and Analyzing Diversity.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Current Approaches in Genome Assembly of Human Fungal Pathogens.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Antifungal susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Cryptococcus neoformans complex from HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis patients in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Quantitative MRI of a Cerebral Cryptococcoma Mouse Model for In Vivo Distinction between Different Cryptococcal Molecular Types.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Changes in fungal taxonomy: mycological rationale and clinical implications.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Genotyping Analysis ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Host populations, challenges, and commercialization of cryptococcal vaccines.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- The Cryptococcus gattii species complex: Unique pathogenic yeasts with understudied virulence mechanisms.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Review
- Cryptococcus spp. and Cryptococcosis: focusing on the infection in Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2022Review
- Gene, virulence and related regulatory mechanisms inActa biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2022Review
- Article
- Genetic and Phenotypic Diversities in Experimental Populations of Diploid Inter-Lineage Hybrids in the Human PathogenicMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Multilocus Sequence Typing of Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus from India.Mycopathologia · 2021Article
- What Are the Best Parents for Hybrid Progeny? An Investigation into the Human Pathogenic FungusJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cryptococcus in Wildlife and Free-Living Mammals.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Molecular Markers Reveal Epidemiological Patterns and Evolutionary Histories of the Human PathogenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Pleiotropy and epistasis within and between signaling pathways defines the genetic architecture of fungal virulence.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Cryptococcus species complex contains two sibling taxa, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Both species are basidiomycetous yeasts and major pathogens of humans and other mammals. Genotyping methods have identified major haploid molecular types of C. neoformans (VNI, VNII, VNB and VNIV) and of C. gattii (VGI, VGII, VGIII and VGIV). To investigate the phylogenetic relationships among these haploid genotypes, we selected 73 strains from 2000 globally collected isolates investigated in our previous typing studies, representing each of these genotypes and carried out multigene sequence analyses using four genetically unlinked nuclear loci, ACT1, IDE, PLB1 and URA5. The separate or combined sequence analyses of all four loci revealed seven clades with significant support for each molecular type. However, three strains of each species revealed some incongruence between the original molecular type and the sequence-based type obtained here. The topology of the individual gene trees was identical for each clade of C. neoformans but incongruent for the clades of C. gattii indicating recent recombination events within C. gattii. There was strong evidence of recombination in the global VGII population. Both parsimony and likelihood analyses supported three major clades of C. neoformans (VNI/VNB, VNII and VNIV) and four major clades of C. gattii (VGI, VGII, VGIII and VGIV). The sequence variation between VGI, VGIII and VGIV was similar to that between VNI/VNB and VNII. MATa was for the first time identified for VGIV. The VNIV and VGII clades are basal to the C. neoformans or the C. gattii clade, respectively. Divergence times among the seven haploid monophyletic lineages in the Cryptococcus species complex were estimated by applying the hypothesis of the molecular clock. The genetic variation found among all of these haploid monophyletic lineages indicates that they warrant varietal status.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.