ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2009
Human type 1 and 17 responses in latent tuberculosis are modulated by coincident filarial infection through cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death-1.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Helminth Infection, Gut Microbiome Alterations, and Their Impact on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Susceptibility.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Review
- Current perspectives in the epidemiology and control of lymphatic filariasis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Impact ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Dynamics of Human Filarial Infections: Immunological Responses, Host Manifestations, and Pathogen Biology.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Parasitic infection prevalence in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in the Littoral Region of Cameroon.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2025Article
- Immunological and Haematological Relevance of Helminths andBiomedicines · 2024Article
- Association of tuberculosis risk with genetic polymorphisms of the immune checkpoint genes PDCD1, CTLA-4, and TIM3.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Immunomodulation resulting of helminth infection could be an opportunity for immunization against tuberculosis and mucosal pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Helminth species dependent effects on Th1 and Th17 cytokines in active tuberculosis patients and healthy community controls.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Tuberculosis-Learning the Impact of Nutrition (TB LION): protocol for an interventional study to decrease TB risk in household contacts.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Interactions between helminths and tuberculosis infections: Implications for tuberculosis diagnosis and vaccination in Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Impact of Helminth Infections on Female Reproductive Health and Associated Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- CD4 T Cells inFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Wuchereria bancrofti infection is linked to systemic activation of CD4 and CD8 T cells.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Intestinal parasites co-infection and associated factors among active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in selected health centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: unmatched case control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Sex differences in tuberculosis.Seminars in immunopathology · 2019Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and filarial coinfection is highly prevalent, and the presence of a tissue-invasive helminth may modulate the predominant type 1 T helper (Th1; interferon [IFN]-gamma-mediated) response needed to control M. tuberculosis infection. By analyzing the cellular responses to mycobacterial antigens in patients who had latent tuberculosis with or without filarial infection, we were able to demonstrate that filarial infection coincident with M. tuberculosis infection significantly diminishes M. tuberculosis-specific Th1 (interleukin [IL]-12 and IFN-gamma) and type 17 T helper (Th17; IL-23 and IL-17) responses related to increased expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed death (PD)-1. Blockade of CTLA-4 restored production of both IFN-gamma and IL-17, whereas PD-1 blockade restored IFN-gamma production only. Thus, coincident filarial infection exerted a profound inhibitory effect on protective mycobacteria-specific Th1 and Th17 responses in latent tuberculosis, suggesting a mechanism by which concomitant filarial (and other systemic helminth) infections predispose to the development of active tuberculosis in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.