ArticleOncogene2009
Frequent loss of cystatin E/M expression implicated in the progression of prostate cancer.
Article in Oncogene, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research on the role and mechanisms of Cystatin 6 in disease pathosis and development.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Endoplasmic reticulum-localized circular RNA FAM13B restrains nasopharyngeal carcinoma lymphatic metastasis through downregulating XBP1.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Causal Associations Between Cystatin and Lung Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Molecular clustering and prognostic features based on integrated databases predict survival and immune status in patients with gastric cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Type 2 Cystatins and Their Roles in the Regulation of Human Immune Response and Cancer Progression.Cancers · 2023Review
- From Therapy Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Prostate Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Review
- CST6 protein and peptides inhibit breast cancer bone metastasis by suppressing CTSB activity and osteoclastogenesis.Theranostics · 2021Article
- A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Cystatin E/M Reveals Its Dual Functional Effects and Positive Regulation of Epithelial Cell in Human Tumors.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- The Role of Cysteine Cathepsins in Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Investigation of the clinical significance and prospective molecular mechanisms of cystatin genes in patients with hepatitis B virus‑related hepatocellular carcinoma.Oncology reports · 2019Article
- Secretome profiling of PC3/nKR cells, a novel highly migrating prostate cancer subline derived from PC3 cells.PloS one · 2019Article
- Structural and functional analysis of cystatin E reveals enzymologically relevant dimer and amyloid fibril states.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- DNA hypermethyation and silencing ofOncotarget · 2017Article
- Low-level internalization of cystatin E/M affects legumain activity and migration of melanoma cells.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
- Characterization of long noncoding RNA and messenger RNA signatures in melanoma tumorigenesis and metastasis.PloS one · 2017Article
- Cystatin E/M Suppresses Tumor Cell Growth through Cytoplasmic Retention of NF-κB.Molecular and cellular biology · 2016Article
- Gene expression profiling and DNA methylation analyses of CTCs.Molecular oncology · 2016Review
- Article
- Genome-wide unmasking of epigenetically silenced genes in lung adenocarcinoma from smokers and never smokers.Carcinogenesis · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cystatin E/M (CST6) is a natural inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases. Recent studies have shown that experimental manipulation of CST6 expression alters the metastatic behavior of human breast cancer cells. However, the association of CST6 with prostate cancer invasion and progression remains unclear. Here, we show that CST6 is robustly expressed in normal human prostate epithelium, whereas its expression is downregulated in metastatic prostate cell lines and prostate tumor tissues. Treatment of metastatic prostate cell lines with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A resulted in significant induction of CST6 mRNA levels and increased CST6 protein expression, indicating that epigenetic silencing may play a role in the loss of CST6 expression observed in prostate cancer. CST6 overexpression in human prostate cancer cells significantly reduced in vitro cell proliferation and matrigel invasion. Furthermore, the results from a bioluminescence tumor/metastasis model showed that the overexpression of CST6 significantly inhibits tumor growth and the incidence of lung metastasis. These results suggest that the downregulation of the CST6 gene is associated with promoter histone modifications and that this association plays an important role in prostate cancer progression during the invasive and metastatic stages of the disease.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.