Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2009
Lower risk of resistance after short-course HAART compared with zidovudine/single-dose nevirapine used for prevention of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00167674 (ARVs to Prevent Breastmilk HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
ARVs to Prevent Breastmilk HIV:Viral and Immune Responses
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiretroviral interventions for preventing breast milk transmission of HIV.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Nevirapine Resistance in Previously Nevirapine-Unexposed HIV-1-Infected Kenyan Infants Initiating Early Antiretroviral Therapy.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Trial
- No clinically significant drug-resistance mutations in HIV-1 subtype C-infected women after discontinuation of NRTI-based or PI-based HAART for PMTCT in Botswana.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
- Clinical and genetic determinants of plasma nevirapine exposure following an intrapartum dose to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Trial
- Acceptability and feasibility of integration of HIV care services into antenatal clinics in rural Kenya: a qualitative provider interview study.Global public health · 2012Trial
- HIV-1 Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Mutations Among Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Nairobi County, Kenya.Advances in virology · 2026Article
- Article
- High Viremia and Wasting Before Antiretroviral Therapy Are Associated With Pneumonia in Early-Treated HIV-Infected Kenyan Infants.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2017Article
- Genital Shedding of Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Among Women Diagnosed With Treatment Failure by Clinical and Immunologic Monitoring.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users.AIDS research and therapy · 2015Article
- HIV type 1 drug resistance patterns among patients failing first and second line antiretroviral therapy in Nairobi, Kenya.BMC research notes · 2014Article
- Does the national program of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) reach its target in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso?African health sciences · 2014Article
- Impact of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant women and their children in Africa: HIV resistance and treatment outcomes.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Review
- Long-term virologic response and genotypic resistance mutations in HIV-1 infected Kenyan children on combination antiretroviral therapy.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Article
- Antiretroviral treatment interruptions predict female genital shedding of genotypically resistant HIV-1 RNA.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2012Article
- Low-frequency nevirapine resistance at multiple sites may predict treatment failure in infants on nevirapine-based treatment.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2012Article
- Effects of short-course zidovudine on the selection of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 in women taking single-dose nevirapine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2012Article
- Advances in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission: the international perspectives.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2011Review
- Emergence and persistence of minor drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in Ugandan women after nevirapine single-dose prophylaxis.PloS one · 2011Article
- Antiretroviral adherence and development of drug resistance are the strongest predictors of genital HIV-1 shedding among women initiating treatment.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntiretroviral resistance after short-course regimens used to prevent mother-to-child transmission has consequences for later treatment. Directly comparing the prevalence of resistance after short-course regimens of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and zidovudine plus single-dose nevirapine (ZDV/sdNVP) will provide critical information when assessing the relative merits of these antiretroviral interventions.
methodsIn a clinical trial in Kenya, pregnant women were randomized to receive either ZDV/sdNVP or a short-course of HAART through 6 months of breastfeeding. Plasma samples were collected 3-12 months after treatment cessation, and resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors was assessed using both a sequencing assay and highly sensitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assays.
resultsNo mutations associated with resistance were detectable by sequencing in either the ZDV/sdNVP or HAART arms at 3 months posttreatment, indicating that resistant viruses were not present in >20% of virus. Using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assays for K103N and Y181C, we detected low levels of resistant virus in 75% of women treated with ZDV/sdNVP and only 18% of women treated with HAART (P = 0.007). Y181C was more prevalent than K103N at 3 months and showed little evidence of decay by 12 months.
conclusionsOur finding provides evidence that compared with ZDV/sdNVP, HAART reduces but does not eliminate nevirapine resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.