ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Extreme inbreeding in Leishmania braziliensis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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54 citing papers in PubMed.
- New insights into the life cycle, host cell tropism, and infection amplification ofInfection and immunity · 2025Review
- The Relevance of the Predominant Clonal Evolution (PCE) Model for the Molecular Epidemiology and Subspecific Taxonomy ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- BALB/c mice infection with hybridFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Diversity and dissemination of viruses in pathogenic protozoa.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Insights into the Genetic Diversity ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Subspecific Nomenclature ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Self-Hybridization in Leishmania major.mBio · 2022Article
- Leishmania braziliensis causing human disease in Northeast Brazil presents loci with genotypes in long-term equilibrium.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Genetic diversity and population structure of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in the Peruvian jungle.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
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- Review
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- Molecular tools confirm natural Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis/L. (V.) shawi hybrids causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region of Brazil.Genetics and molecular biology · 2021Article
- Ecological divergence and hybridization of NeotropicalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Risk Factors ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Application of next generation sequencing (NGS) for descriptive analysis of 30 genomes of Leishmania infantum isolates in Middle-North Brazil.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Genomic analysis of natural intra-specific hybrids among Ethiopian isolates of Leishmania donovani.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Global genome diversity of theeLife · 2020Article
- Genomic Diversification, Structural Plasticity, and Hybridization inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Study on the Occurrence of Genetic Exchange Among Parasites of theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Leishmania species of the subgenus Viannia and especially Leishmania braziliensis are responsible for a large proportion of New World leishmaniasis cases. The reproductive mode of Leishmania species has often been assumed to be predominantly clonal, but remains unsettled. We have investigated the genetic polymorphism at 12 microsatellite loci on 124 human strains of Leishmania braziliensis from 2 countries, Peru and Bolivia. There is substantial genetic diversity, with an average of 12.4 +/- 4.4 alleles per locus. There is linkage disequilibrium at a genome-wide scale, as well as a substantial heterozygote deficit (more than 50% the expected value from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium), which indicates high levels of inbreeding. These observations are inconsistent with a strictly clonal model of reproduction, which implies excess heterozygosity. Moreover, there is large genetic heterogeneity between populations within countries (Wahlund effect), which evinces a strong population structure at a microgeographic scale. Our findings are compatible with the existence of population foci at a microgeographic scale, where clonality alternates with sexuality of an endogamic nature, with possible occasional recombination events between individuals of different genotypes. These findings provide key clues on the ecology and transmission patterns of Leishmania parasites.
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