ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2009
Local cytokine concentrations and oxygen pressure are related to maturation of the collateral circulation in humans.
Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive Biomarkers for Coronary Collateral Circulation Development After Myocardial Infarction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Reduced coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic total occlusion.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2018Review
- Vascular remodeling after ischemic stroke: mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.Progress in neurobiology · 2014Review
- The future of collateral artery research.Current cardiology reviews · 2014Review
- Therapeutic approaches in the stimulation of the coronary collateral circulation.Current cardiology reviews · 2014Review
- Effect and mechanism of thrombospondin-1 on the angiogenesis potential in human endothelial progenitor cells: an in vitro study.PloS one · 2014Article
- Clinical and angiographic features associated with coronary collateralization in stable angina patients with chronic total occlusion.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2013Article
- Molecular basis for impaired collateral artery growth in the spontaneously hypertensive rat: insight from microarray analysis.Physiological reports · 2013Article
- Mechanistic, technical, and clinical perspectives in therapeutic stimulation of coronary collateral development by angiogenic growth factors.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2013Review
- Article
- Milieu intérieur: the search for myocardial arteriogenic signals.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2009Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesOur aim was to determine cytokine and oxygen gradients over the collateral circulation in humans.
backgroundThe molecular background of the maturation of the collateral circulation in response to coronary narrowing is poorly understood in humans, partly because of difficulties in obtaining local samples from the human collateral circulation.
methodsCoronary collateral blood was sampled in 60 patients with nontotal (n = 25) or total coronary occlusions (n = 35) using a special wide-lumen catheter. Coronary collateral flow index (CFI) was assessed by intracoronary pressure measurements. Oxygenation and lactate content was measured as well as 30 cytokines potentially involved in collateral artery growth, using a custom-made multiplex assay.
resultsNo rise in lactate or change in pH was found in collateral blood. Oxygen gradient between coronary and collateral arterial blood correlated inversely with CFI (r = -0.61, p < 0.001). Locally increased plasma levels were found for basic fibroblast growth factor, eotaxin, macrophage migration inflammatory factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and transforming growth factor-beta, while stem cell factor and stem cell growth factor-beta were significantly decreased. The highest cytokine gradients were found in patients with the least developed collateral circulation. The majority of cytokines correlated more strongly with the pO(2) gradient across the collateral bed than with CFI.
conclusionsIntravascular ischemia during brief balloon coronary occlusion is absent in human coronary collateral arteries. The oxygen gradient found over the collateral circulation is increased in patients with a less matured collateral circulation and relates to local levels of several known pro-arteriogenic cytokines. In case of a more developed collateral circulation, relatively low levels of cytokines are present, suggesting that growth factor therapy might be beneficial at this stage.
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