ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
Culling of activated CD4 T cells during typhoid is driven by Salmonella virulence genes.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Parenteral vaccination protects against mucosal Salmonella infection by inducing liver tissue resident memory CD4 T cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Fighting the enemy within: Systemic immune defense against mucosal Salmonella infection.Immunology letters · 2024Review
- Harnessing Bacterial Agents to Modulate the Tumor Microenvironment and Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2024Review
- Mitochondrial injury induced by a Salmonella genotoxin triggers the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Cohousing with Dirty Mice Increases the Frequency of Memory T Cells and Has Variable Effects on Intracellular Bacterial Infection.ImmunoHorizons · 2022Article
- Integration ofCancers · 2021Review
- Perspectives on OncolyticFrontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- IL-12 Blocks Tfh Cell Differentiation during Salmonella Infection, thereby Contributing to Germinal Center Suppression.Cell reports · 2019Article
- Optimal protection againstProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Increases Functional PD-L1 Synergistically with Gamma Interferon in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Mass spectrometry imaging identifies palmitoylcarnitine as an immunological mediator during Salmonella Typhimurium infection.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Collateral Damage: Detrimental Effect of Antibiotics on the Development of Protective Immune Memory.mBio · 2016Review
- Salmonella Infection Enhances Erythropoietin Production by the Kidney and Liver, Which Correlates with Elevated Bacterial Burdens.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Metabolic crosstalk between host and pathogen: sensing, adapting and competing.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2016Review
- Typhoid Fever in South Africa in an Endemic HIV Setting.PloS one · 2016Article
- Extracellular adenosine generation in the regulation of pro-inflammatory responses and pathogen colonization.Biomolecules · 2015Review
- Direct visualization of endogenous Salmonella-specific B cells reveals a marked delay in clonal expansion and germinal center development.European journal of immunology · 2015Article
- CD4+ T cells promote antibody production but not sustained affinity maturation during Borrelia burgdorferi infection.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Immunity to intestinal pathogens: lessons learned from Salmonella.Immunological reviews · 2014Review
- Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) regulates host inflammatory responses and exacerbates murine salmonellosis.Scientific reports · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pathogen-specific CD4 T cells are activated within a few hours of oral Salmonella infection and are essential for protective immunity. However, CD4 T cells do not participate in bacterial clearance until several weeks after infection, suggesting that Salmonella can inhibit or evade CD4 T cells that are activated at early time points. Here, we describe the progressive culling of initially activated CD4 T cells in Salmonella-infected mice. Loss of activated CD4 T cells was independent of early instructional programming, T cell precursor frequency, and Ag availability. In contrast, apoptosis of Ag-specific CD4 T cells was actively induced by live bacteria in a process that required Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 and correlated with increased expression of PD-L1. These data demonstrate efficient culling of initially activated Ag-specific CD4 cells by a microbial pathogen and document a novel strategy for bacterial immune evasion.
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