ArticleRetrovirology2009
Multiple-infection and recombination in HIV-1 within a longitudinal cohort of women.
Article in Retrovirology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- The evolution of envelope function during coinfection with phylogenetically distinct human immunodeficiency virus.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Characterization of HIV-1 CRF02_AG/A3/G unique recombinant forms identified among children in Larkana, Pakistan.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- The inference of HIV-1 transmission direction between a man who has sex with men and his heterosexual wife based on the sequences of HIV-1 quasi-species.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection: implications in vaccine design.Frontiers of medicine · 2017Review
- Dual Infection Contributes to Rapid Disease Progression in Men Who Have Sex With Men in China.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Article
- Recent advances in understanding HIV evolution.F1000Research · 2017Review
- Coinfection Dynamics of Two Diseases in a Single Host Population.Journal of mathematical analysis and applications · 2016Article
- The evolutionary ecology of molecular replicators.Royal Society open science · 2016Article
- HIV competition dynamics over sexual networks: first comer advantage conserves founder effects.PLoS computational biology · 2015Article
- Impact of clade, geography, and age of the epidemic on HIV-1 neutralization by antibodies.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Diverse forms of HIV-1 among Burmese long-distance truck drivers imply their contribution to HIV-1 cross-border transmission.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Article
- Superinfection with drug-resistant HIV is rare and does not contribute substantially to therapy failure in a large European cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Frequency and implications of HIV superinfection.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2013Review
- Article
- Article
- Frequency of subtype B and F1 dual infection in HIV-1 positive, Brazilian men who have sex with men.Virology journal · 2012Article
- Characterization of circulating HIV type 1 env genes in plasma of two antiretroviral-naive slow progressing patients with broad neutralizing antibody response with evidence of recombination.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2012Article
- Interplay between HIV-1 and Host Genetic Variation: A Snapshot into Its Impact on AIDS and Therapy Response.Advances in virology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecombination between strains of HIV-1 only occurs in individuals with multiple infections, and the incidence of recombinant forms implies that multiple infection is common. Most direct studies indicate that multiple infection is rare. We determined the rate of multiple infection in a longitudinal study of 58 HIV-1 positive participants from The Women's Interagency HIV Study with a richer sampling design than previous direct studies, and we investigated the role of recombination and sampling design on estimating the multiple infection rate.
results40% of our sample had multiple HIV-1 infections. This rate of multiple infection is statistically consistent with previous studies once differences in sampling design are taken into account. Injection drug use significantly increased the incidence of multiple infections. In general there was rapid elimination of secondary strains to undetectable levels, but in 3 cases a superinfecting strain displaced the initial infecting strain and in two cases the strains coexisted throughout the study. All but one secondary strain was detected as an inter- and/or intra-genic recombinant. Injection drug use significantly increased the rate of observed recombinants.
conclusionOur multiple infection rate is consistent with rates estimated from the frequency of recombinant forms of HIV-1. The fact that our results are also consistent with previous direct studies that had reported a much lower rate illustrates the critical role of sampling design in estimating this rate. Multiple infection and recombination significantly add to the genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its evolutionary potential, and injection drug use significantly increases both.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.