ArticlePloS one2009
Tolerance to the neuron-specific paraneoplastic HuD antigen.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The RNA-Binding Protein ELAVL4/HuD Promotes Stress-Associated Tumor Survival in Neuroendocrine Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- [(Auto)immunity in focal epilepsy: mechanisms of (auto‑)immune-inflammatory epileptogenic neurodegeneration].Der Nervenarzt · 2024Review
- Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxias: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Immunological and Physiological Mechanisms.Journal of movement disorders · 2021Article
- Clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with anti-γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor encephalitis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Autoantibodies to Synaptic Receptors and Neuronal Cell Surface Proteins in Autoimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System.Physiological reviews · 2017Review
- CD8(+) T Cell-Mediated Neuronal Dysfunction and Degeneration in Limbic Encephalitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2015Review
- T cells targeting a neuronal paraneoplastic antigen mediate tumor rejection and trigger CNS autoimmunity with humoral activation.European journal of immunology · 2014Article
- Immunopathogenesis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with anti-Hu antibodies: A beneficial antitumor immune response going awry.Oncoimmunology · 2013Review
- Cell-mediated immune responses in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2013Review
- Immunologic privilege in the central nervous system and the blood-brain barrier.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2013Review
- Three sensitive assays do not provide evidence for circulating HuD-specific T cells in the blood of patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes with anti-Hu antibodies.Neuro-oncology · 2012Article
- Neuronal autoantigens--pathogenesis, associated disorders and antibody testing.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2012Review
- Small-cell lung cancer-associated autoantibodies: potential applications to cancer diagnosis, early detection, and therapy.Molecular cancer · 2011Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Experiments dating back to the 1940's have led to the hypothesis that the brain is an immunologically privileged site, shielding its antigens from immune recognition. The paraneoplastic Hu syndrome provides a powerful paradigm for addressing this hypothesis; it is believed to develop because small cell lung cancers (SCLC) express the neuron-specific Hu protein. This leads to an Hu-specific tumor immune response that can develop into an autoimmune attack against neurons, presumably when immune privilege in the brain is breached. Interestingly, all SCLC express the onconeural HuD antigen, and clinically useful tumor immune responses can be detected in up to 20% of patients, yet the paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome is extremely rare. We found that HuD-specific CD8+ T cells are normally present in the mouse T cell repertoire, but are not expanded upon immunization, although they can be detected after in vitro expansion. In contrast, HuD-specific T cells could be directly activated in HuD null mice, without the need for in vitro expansion. Taken together, these results demonstrate robust tolerance to the neuronal HuD antigen in vivo, and suggest a re-evaluation of the current concept of immune privilege in the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.