ArticleCancer research2009
Biological significance of prolactin in gynecologic cancers.
Article in Cancer research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estrogens in the breast tissue: a systematic review.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2011Pooled it
- Cancer-like Hallmarks of Endometriosis: The Role of Estrogen Signaling and Stem Cell Plasticity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Incidence of gynecological cancers following prolactin-increasing antipsychotic use: a population cohort study.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Hyperprolactinemia and cancer risk: a Swedish population-based cohort study.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
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- Adipocyte derived exosomes promote cell invasion and challenge paclitaxel efficacy in ovarian cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Prolactin Drives Iron Release from Macrophages and Uptake in Mammary Cancer Cells through CD44.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Role of STAT3 in pancreatic cancer.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2024Review
- Primary Peritoneal Serous Cancer: A Case Report of a Tumor in the Rectovaginal Septum.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2024Article
- Reevaluating the Role of Progesterone in Ovarian Cancer: Is Progesterone Always Protective?Endocrine reviews · 2023Article
- Prolactin receptor signaling induces acquisition of chemoresistance and reduces clonogenicity in acute myeloid leukemia.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Early Investigations of 20-kDa Human Placental GH Show Promise.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2023Article
- Article
- Prolactin receptor signaling: A novel target for cancer treatment - Exploring anti-PRLR signaling strategies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Review
- Biomarker-based early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer based on a five-protein signature in patient's plasma - a prospective trial.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Prolactin and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
- Comorbidities and inflammation associated with ovarian cancer and its influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of ovarian research · 2021Review
- Automated Assay of a Four-Protein Biomarker Panel for Improved Detection of Ovarian Cancer.Cancers · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that prolactin (PRL), a hormone/cytokine, plays a role in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers via local production or accumulation. Elevated levels of serum PRL in ovarian and endometrial cancers have been reported, indicating a potential role for PRL in endometrial and ovarian carcinogenesis. In this study, we show that serum PRL levels are significantly elevated in women with a strong family history of ovarian cancer. We show dramatically increased expression of PRL receptor in ovarian and endometrial tumors as well as in endometrial hyperplasia, signifying the importance of PRL signaling in malignant and premalignant conditions. PRL mRNA was expressed in ovarian and endometrial tumors, indicating the presence of an autocrine loop. PRL potently induced proliferation in several ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines. Binding of PRL to its receptor was followed by rapid phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, CREB, ATF-2, and p53 and activation of 37 transcription factors in ovarian and endometrial carcinoma cells. PRL also activated Ras oncogene in these cells. When human immortalized normal ovarian epithelial cells were chronically exposed to PRL, a malignant transformation occurred manifested by the acquired ability of transformed cells to form clones, grow in soft agar, and form tumors in severe combined immunodeficient-beige mice. Transformation efficiency was diminished by a Ras inhibitor, providing proof that PRL-induced transformation uses the Ras pathway. In summary, we present findings that indicate an important role for PRL in ovarian and endometrial tumorigenesis. PRL may represent a risk factor for ovarian and endometrial cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.