ArticleDiabetes2009
Apolipoprotein B but not LDL cholesterol is associated with coronary artery calcification in type 2 diabetic whites.
Article in Diabetes, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Key biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of tree nuts on blood lipids, apolipoproteins, and blood pressure: systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose-response of 61 controlled intervention trials.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Pooled it
- A Pecan-Rich Diet Improves Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Pioglitazone versus glimepiride on coronary artery calcium progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a secondary end point of the CHICAGO study.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2010Trial
- Apolipoprotein B48 as a Marker of Residual Coronary Risk: Diagnostic Insights from a Comparative Analysis with Ankle-Brachial Index.The Kobe journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Serum proteomic profiling reveals potential predictive indicators for coronary artery calcification in stable ischemic heart disease.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Strategies.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- An Overview of Risk Factors for Diabetic Foot Amputation: An Observational, Single-centre, Retrospective Cohort Study.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence of Diabetes and Its Association with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An Analysis from the Hellenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry (HELLAS-FH).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Association of equol producing status with aortic calcification in middle-aged Japanese men: The ERA JUMP study.International journal of cardiology · 2022Article
- Circulating lipids and breast cancer prognosis in the Malmö diet and cancer study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Discordance of Apolipoprotein B, Non-HDL-Cholesterol, and LDL-Cholesterol Predicts Risk of Increased Arterial Stiffness and Elevated Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Adults.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target.Metabolites · 2021Review
- Discordantly normal ApoB relative to elevated LDL-C in persons with metabolic disorders: A marker of atherogenic heterogeneity.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2021Article
- Association of alcohol consumption and aortic calcification in healthy men aged 40-49 years for the ERA JUMP Study.Atherosclerosis · 2018Article
- Selective association of electrocardiographic abnormalities with insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional analysis.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2016Article
- Apolipoprotein B Is Related to Metabolic Syndrome Independently of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2015Article
- Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol associates with coronary artery calcification in type 2 diabetes beyond circulating levels of triglycerides.Atherosclerosis · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveEvidence favors apolipoprotein B (apoB) over LDL cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular events, but data are lacking on coronary artery calcification (CAC), especially in type 2 diabetes, where LDL cholesterol may underestimate atherosclerotic burden. We investigated the hypothesis that apoB is a superior marker of CAC relative to LDL cholesterol. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe performed cross-sectional analyses of white subjects in two community-based studies: the Penn Diabetes Heart Study (N = 611 type 2 diabetic subjects, 71.4% men) and the Study of Inherited Risk of Coronary Atherosclerosis (N = 803 nondiabetic subjects, 52.8% men) using multivariate analysis of apoB and LDL cholesterol stratified by diabetes status.
resultsIn type 2 diabetes, apoB was associated with CAC after adjusting for age, sex, and medications [Tobit regression ratio of increased CAC for 1-SD increase in apoB; 1.36 (95% CI 1.06-1.75), P = 0.016] whereas LDL cholesterol was not [1.09 (0.85-1.41)]. In nondiabetic subjects, both were associated with CAC [apoB 1.65 (1.38-1.96), P < 0.001; LDL cholesterol 1.56 (1.30-1.86), P < 0.001]. In combined analysis of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, apoB provided value in predicting CAC scores beyond LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratios, and marginally beyond non-HDL cholesterol.
conclusionsPlasma apoB, but not LDL cholesterol, levels were associated with CAC scores in type 2 diabetic whites. ApoB levels may be particularly useful in assessing atherosclerotic burden and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.