ArticleImmunology2009
Interleukin 21 up-regulates perforin-mediated cytotoxic activity of human intra-epithelial lymphocytes.
Article in Immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cellular Origins and Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal NK- and T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders.Cancers · 2022Review
- Granzyme B Inhibition by Tofacitinib Blocks the Pathology Induced by CD8 T Cells in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2021Article
- Review
- Interplay Between Gluten, HLA, Innate and Adaptive Immunity Orchestrates the Development of Coeliac Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The elusive case of human intraepithelial T cells in gut homeostasis and inflammation.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2018Review
- IL-15: a central regulator of celiac disease immunopathology.Immunological reviews · 2014Review
- T cells in vascular inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
- Increased frequency of circulating IL-21 producing Th-cells in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).Arthritis research & therapy · 2013Article
- Intraepithelial lymphocytes in celiac disease immunopathology.Seminars in immunopathology · 2012Review
- Cytolytic CD4(+) T cells in viral immunity.Expert review of vaccines · 2010Review
- Celiac disease: how complicated can it get?Immunogenetics · 2010Review
- Update on vaccine development for renal cell cancer.Open access journal of urology · 2010Review
- Combination of IL-21 and IL-15 enhances tumour-specific cytotoxicity and cytokine production of TCR-transduced primary T cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2010Article
- Involvement of interleukin-15 and interleukin-21, two gamma-chain-related cytokines, in celiac disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are predominantly T-cell receptor-alphabeta(+) (TCR-alphabeta(+)) CD8(+) CD45RO(+) memory T cells located between intestinal epithelial cells. They respond to a greater extent to stimulation with interleukin (IL)-15 than to CD3/TCR triggering, suggesting that they react to the cytokine milieu in their local environment rather than to cognate antigen. A newly described member of the gammac cytokine family, IL-21, has potent antitumor effects. As IELs resemble lymphocytes infiltrating neoplastic lesions, their response to IL-21 may be relevant in vivo. Here, IL-21 was shown to increase perforin-mediated cytotoxicity and serine esterase release by IELs. This IL-21-mediated up-regulation occurred without changes in IEL survival or cell division. Interestingly, the effects of IL-21 occurred without increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), or p38. IL-21 had no effect on Fas ligand (FL)- or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-mediated cytotoxicity, but it down-regulated IL-15-stimulated expression of CD25 and CD94, indicating that it has both positive and negative actions. This functional profile is unique to human IELs, emphasizing that they are a distinct compartment of lymphocytes and that IL-21 may promote their role in tumour immunosurveillance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.