Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19488047›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Genetics2009

Understanding what determines the frequency and pattern of human germline mutations.

Norman Arnheim, Peter Calabrese

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Genetics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 139 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Convergent Evolution in Tumor Genomes Targets Functional Domains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Transgenerational epigenetic effect of kings' aging on offspring's caste fate mediated by sperm DNA methylation in termites.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
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  8. Childhood obesity from the genes to the epigenome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024
    Review
  9. Identification ofRespiratory medicine case reports · 2024
    Article
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  11. Review
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  13. Article
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  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Norman ArnheimMolecular and Computational Biology Program, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, California 90089-2910, USA. arnheim@usc.edu
Peter Calabrese
University of Southern California · US

Funding

GENETIC &MOLECULAR STUDIES OF HUMAN &MOUSE RDNAR01GM036745 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI ARNHEIM, NORMAN, CALABRESE, PETER PAUL · 1985 to 2017
$8.5M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM036745
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Surprising findings about human germline mutation have come from applying new technologies to detect rare mutations in germline DNA, from analysing DNA sequence divergence between humans and closely related species, and from investigating human polymorphic variation. In this Review we discuss how these approaches affect our current understanding of the roles of sex, age, mutation hot spots, germline selection and genomic factors in determining human nucleotide substitution mutation patterns and frequencies. To enhance our understanding of mutation and disease, more extensive molecular data on the human germ line with regard to mutation origin, DNA repair, epigenetic status and the effect of newly arisen mutations on gamete development are needed.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticGerm CellsGerm-Line MutationMutation, MissensePolymorphism, GeneticAgingDNA Mutational AnalysisDNA RepairFemaleHumansMaleSex Characteristics

Identifiers

PMID19488047
PMCPMC2744436
OpenAlexW2081551908

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.