Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19487732›Full record

ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2009

The role of biomacromolecular crowding, ionic strength, and physicochemical gradients in the complexities of life's emergence.

Jan Spitzer, Bert Poolman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Crowding-induced stabilization and destabilization in a single protein.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Protein diffusion inScience advances · 2022
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Assembly of bacterial cell division protein FtsZ into dynamic biomolecular condensates.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research · 2021
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Jan SpitzerMallard Creek Polymers, Inc., 14700 Mallard Creek Road, Charlotte, NC 28262, USA. jspitz@mcpolymers.com
Bert Poolman

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We have developed a general scenario of prebiotic physicochemical evolution during the Earth's Hadean eon and reviewed the relevant literature. We suggest that prebiotic chemical evolution started in microspaces with membranous walls, where external temperature and osmotic gradients were coupled to free-energy gradients of potential chemical reactions. The key feature of this scenario is the onset of an emergent evolutionary transition within the microspaces that is described by the model of complex vectorial chemistry. This transition occurs at average macromolecular crowding of 20 to 30% of the cell volume, when the ranges of action of stabilizing colloidal forces (screened electrostatic forces, hydration, and excluded volume forces) become commensurate. Under these conditions, the macromolecules divide the interior of microspaces into dynamically crowded macromolecular regions and topologically complementary electrolyte pools. Small ions and ionic metabolites are transported vectorially between the electrolyte pools and through the (semiconducting) electrolyte pathways of the crowded macromolecular regions from their high electrochemical potential (where they are biochemically produced) to their lower electrochemical potential (where they are consumed). We suggest a sequence of tentative transitions between major evolutionary periods during the Hadean eon as follows: (i) the early water world, (ii) the appearance of land masses, (iii) the pre-RNA world, (iv) the onset of complex vectorial chemistry, and (v) the RNA world and evolution toward Darwinian thresholds. We stress the importance of high ionic strength of the Hadean ocean (short Debye's lengths) and screened electrostatic interactions that enabled the onset of the vectorial structure of the cytoplasm and the possibility of life's emergence.

Indexed as

Origin of LifeAnimalsCytoplasmElectrochemistryElectrolytesEvolution, ChemicalHumansMacromolecular SubstancesOsmolar ConcentrationProton-Motive ForceRNASeawaterWater MicrobiologyElectrolytesMacromolecular SubstancesRNA

Identifiers

PMID19487732
PMCPMC2698416

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.