ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2009
Antifungal activity of tamoxifen: in vitro and in vivo activities and mechanistic characterization.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03112031 (A Randomized Trial of Tamoxifen Combined With Amphotericin B and Fluconazole for Cryptococcal Meningitis), which is not on this map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Trial of Tamoxifen Combined With Amphotericin B and Fluconazole for Cryptococcal Meningitis
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- An IL-1, IL-17, and IL-22 cytokine circuit controls vulvovaginal candidiasis independently of estrogen.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A review of the current anti-New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- Advances in cryptococcal infections-associated immunopathology and potential therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Repurposing Mouthwashes: Antifungal and Antibiofilm Abilities of Commercially Available Mouthwashes AgainstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antibacterial activity of tamoxifen derivatives against methicillin-resistantFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Progress of Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Stilbenoids.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Profiling the compendium of changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to mutations that alter availability of the main methyl donor S-Adenosylmethionine.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Comparison of the antifungal activity of the pyrimidine analogs flucytosine and carmofur against human-pathogenic dematiaceous fungi.Medical mycology · 2024Article
- Discovery of new antimicrobial thiophene derivatives with activity against drug-resistant Gram negative-bacteria.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Candidiasis in breast cancer: Tumor progression or not?Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2024Review
- Recent drug development and treatments for fungal infections.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Review
- Repurposing miconazole and tamoxifen for the treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus complex infections through in silico chemogenomics approach.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Article
- Development of an Imaging Flow Cytometry Method for Fungal Cytological Profiling and Its Potential Application in Antifungal Drug Development.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mebendazole InhibitsJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Searching for new antifungals for the treatment of cryptococcosis.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2023Review
- Review
- Bazedoxifene, a Postmenopausal Drug, Acts as an Antimalarial and Inhibits Hemozoin Formation.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM), an estrogen receptor antagonist used primarily to treat breast cancer, has well-recognized antifungal properties, but the activity of TAM has not been fully characterized using standardized (i.e., CLSI) in vitro susceptibility testing, nor has it been demonstrated in an in vivo model of fungal infection. In addition, its mechanism of action remains to be clearly defined at the molecular level. Here, we report that TAM displays in vitro activity (MIC, 8 to 64 microg/ml) against pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans, other Candida spp., and Cryptococcus neoformans). In vivo, 200 mg/kg of body weight per day TAM reduced kidney fungal burden (-1.5 log(10) CFU per g tissue; P = 0.008) in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. TAM is a known inhibitor of mammalian calmodulin, and TAM-treated yeast show phenotypes consistent with decreased calmodulin function, including lysis, decreased new bud formation, disrupted actin polarization, and decreased germ tube formation. The overexpression of calmodulin suppresses TAM toxicity, hypofunctional calmodulin mutants are hypersensitive to TAM, and TAM interferes with the interaction between Myo2p and calmodulin, suggesting that TAM targets calmodulin as part of its mechanism of action. Taken together, these experiments indicate that the further study of compounds related to TAM as antifungal agents is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.