Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19483697›Full record

ArticleNature chemical biology2009

Phage-encoded combinatorial chemical libraries based on bicyclic peptides.

Christian Heinis, Trevor Rutherford, Stephan Freund, Greg Winter

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature chemical biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 296 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
296citing papers in PubMed
8.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

296 citing papers in PubMed, 726 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Advances in Cyclic Peptides Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026
    Review
  8. Phage Display as a Promising Platform for Peptide Drug Discovery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Bismuth Bicycles.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2026
    Review

236 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Christian HeinisLaboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK.
Trevor Rutherford
Stephan Freund
Greg Winter
Medical Research Council · GBMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_U105115240
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Here we describe a phage strategy for the selection of ligands based on bicyclic or linear peptides attached covalently to an organic core. We designed peptide repertoires with three reactive cysteine residues, each spaced apart by several random amino acid residues, and we fused the repertoires to the phage gene-3-protein. Conjugation with tris-(bromomethyl)benzene via the reactive cysteines generated repertoires of peptide conjugates with two peptide loops anchored to a mesitylene core. Iterative affinity selections yielded several enzyme inhibitors; after further mutagenesis and selection, we were able to chemically synthesize a lead inhibitor (PK15; Ki =1.5 nM) specific to human plasma kallikrein that efficiently interrupted the intrinsic coagulation pathway in human plasma tested ex vivo. This approach offers a powerful means of generating and selecting bicyclic macrocycles (or if cleaved, linear derivatives thereof) as ligands poised at the interface of small-molecule drugs and biologics.

Indexed as

Combinatorial Chemistry TechniquesPeptide LibraryAmino Acid SequenceCathepsin GCloning, MolecularCysteineEnzyme InhibitorsHumansLigandsMolecular Sequence DataPeptides, CyclicPlasma KallikreinCathepsin GCysteineEnzyme InhibitorsLigandsPeptide LibraryPeptides, CyclicPlasma Kallikrein

Identifiers

PMID19483697
OpenAlexW1981300064

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.