ReviewJournal of molecular cell biology2009
How diverse--CD4 effector T cells and their functions.
Review in Journal of molecular cell biology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping Therapeutic Regulatory T Cell Fate with MRI: Current Strategies and Translational Outlook.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Renin-angiotensin system blockade attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation associated with hypertension, metabolic disorders, and aging.World journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- The regulatory roles of dysregulated lactate dehydrogenase A in anti-tumor immunity within immune cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 alleviates perennial allergic rhinitis in adults by inhibiting serum total IgE and IL-13: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Clinical and translational allergy · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications of EZH2 in Nasal Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Are We There Yet? Assessing the Readiness of Single-Cell Proteomics to Answer Biological Hypotheses.Journal of proteome research · 2025Review
- Screening of aqueous plant extracts for immunomodulatory effects on immune cells and cytokine production:Heliyon · 2025Article
- Low-Frequency, Sustained CD4 T-Cell Responses Chlamydia trachomatis in Women: Predominant Targeting of Chlamydial Proteaselike Activity Factor (CPAF).The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Nucleic acid vaccines: innovations, efficacy, and applications in at-risk populations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- From pancreas to lungs: The role of immune cells in severe acute pancreatitis and acute lung injury.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Review
- Metabolic priming of GD2Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- Fipronil disturbs the antigen-specific immune responses and GABAergic gene expression in the ovalbumin-immunized BALB/c mice.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Natural killer cells for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy: Role of nanoparticles.Cancer letters · 2023Article
- Glycation of Whey Proteins Increases the Ex Vivo Immune Response of Lymphocytes Sensitized to β-Lactoglobulin.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Review
- Immunomodulatory Functions of Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Derived From Donors With Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity on CD4 T Cells.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2023Article
- Acthar Gel Inhibits the Activation of CD4Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2023Article
- Molecular mechanisms regulating wound repair: Evidence for paracrine signaling from corneal epithelial cells to fibroblasts and immune cells following transient epithelial cell treatment with Mitomycin C.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Harnessing Biomaterials for Immunomodulatory-Driven Tissue Engineering.Regenerative engineering and translational medicine · 2023Review
- Cluster of differentiation antigens: essential roles in the identification of teleost fish T lymphocytes.Marine life science & technology · 2022Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CD4 effector T cells, also called helper T (Th) cells, are the functional cells for executing immune functions. Balanced immune responses can only be achieved by proper regulation of the differentiation and function of Th cells. Dysregulated Th cell function often leads to inefficient clearance of pathogens and causes inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity. Since the establishment of the Th1-Th2 dogma in the 1980s, different lineages of effector T cells have been identified that not only promote but also suppress immune responses. Through years of collective efforts, much information was gained on the function and regulation of different subsets of Th cells. In this review, we attempt to sample the essence of what has been learnt in this field over the past two decades. We will discuss the classification and immunological functions of effector T cells, the determinants for effector T cell differentiation, as well as the relationship between different lineages of effector T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.