ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2009
Association of environmental cadmium exposure with periodontal disease in U.S. adults.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of lead and cadmium exposure with periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Nonlinear association between blood cadmium levels and periodontitis: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011-2014.BDJ open · 2025Article
- The Impact of Heavy Metal Contamination in Humans and Periodontitis: A Scoping Review.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Effect of blood lead levels on periodontitis in American adults: a cross-sectional analysis from the national health and nutrition examination survey.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Association between exposure to environmental pollutants and increased oral health risks, a comprehensive review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Prenatal and early childhood critical windows for the association of nephrotoxic metal and metalloid mixtures with kidney function.Environment international · 2022Article
- Abnormal Micronutrient Intake Is Associated with the Risk of Periodontitis: A Dose-response Association Study Based on NHANES 2009-2014.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Association between levels of blood trace minerals and periodontitis among United States adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Ion release and surface roughness of silver soldered bands with two different polishing methods: AnJournal of orthodontic science · 2022Article
- Use of toenail-bounded heavy metals to characterize occupational exposure and oxidative stress in workers of waterpipe/cigarette cafés.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2021Article
- Analysis of the relationship between periodontitis and osteoporosis/fractures: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- Risk assessment of heavy metal contamination of paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Abakaliki, Nigeria.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2019Article
- Cadmium Exposure Disrupts Periodontal Bone in Experimental Animals: Implications for Periodontal Disease in Humans.Toxics · 2018Article
- Factors affecting the variability in the observed levels of cadmium in blood and urine among former and current smokers aged 20-64 and ≥ 65years.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Factors affecting the variability in the observed levels of urinary cadmium among children and nonsmoker adolescents.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Is Urinary Cadmium a Biomarker of Long-term Exposure in Humans? A Review.Current environmental health reports · 2016Review
- Toxic elements in tobacco and in cigarette smoke: inflammation and sensitization.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2011Review
- Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes.Ciencia & saude coletiva · 2011Article
- Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes.Environmental health perspectives · 2010Review
- Periodontal disease and environmental cadmium exposure.Environmental health perspectives · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeriodontal disease is a complex, multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease that involves degradation of periodontal structures, including alveolar bone. Cadmium adversely affects bone remodeling, and it is therefore possible that environmental Cd exposure may be a risk factor for periodontal-disease-related bone loss.
objectiveWe examined the relationship between environmental Cd exposure and periodontal disease in U.S. adults.
methodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). We defined periodontal disease as clinical attachment loss of at least 4 mm in > 10% of sites examined. We used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses to estimate the association between creatinine-corrected urinary Cd levels and periodontal disease.
resultsOf the 11,412 participants included in this study, 15.4% had periodontal disease. The age-adjusted geometric mean urine Cd concentration (micrograms per gram creatinine) was significantly higher among participants with periodontal disease [0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45-0.56] than among those without periodontal disease (0.30; 95% CI, 0.28-0.31). Multivariable-adjusted analyses, which included extensive adjustments for tobacco exposure, showed that a 3-fold increase in creatinine-corrected urinary Cd concentrations [corresponding to an increment from the 25th (0.18 microg/g) to the 75th (0.63 microg/g) percentile] was associated with 54% greater odds of prevalent periodontal disease (odds ratio = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.26-1.87). We observed similar results among the subset of participants who had limited exposure to tobacco, but only after removing six influential observations.
conclusionEnvironmental Cd exposure was associated with higher odds of periodontal disease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.