ArticlePloS one2009
Latherin: a surfactant protein of horse sweat and saliva.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Science-in-brief: Wearable sweat lactate sensors in equine athletes: Science fiction or reality?Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Exercise-specific plasma proteomic signatures in racehorses: Candidates for training adaptation and peak load monitoring.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Sensitization to Horse Allergens-Molecular Analysis Based on the Results of Multiparameter Tests.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Acari Hypothesis, V: deciphering allergenicity.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Article
- An Overview of Exertional Heat Illness in Thoroughbred Racehorses: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Rationale.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Exposure levels of animal allergens, endotoxin, and β-(1,3)-glucan on a university campus of veterinary medicine.PloS one · 2023Article
- Kallikrein proteoforms and reproductive parameters in stallion are conditioned by climate.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Ion Channel and Ubiquitin Differential Expression during Erythromycin-Induced Anhidrosis in Foals.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- The Use of Percutaneous Thermal Sensing Microchips for Body Temperature Measurements in Horses Prior to, during and after Treadmill Exercise.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- The parotid secretory protein BPIFA2 is a salivary surfactant that affects lipopolysaccharide action.Experimental physiology · 2020Article
- Whole genome detection of sequence and structural polymorphism in six diverse horses.PloS one · 2020Article
- Levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 in dander and saliva from ten horse breeds.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2019Article
- Feasibility of a disposable canister-free negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) device for treating open wounds in horses.BMC veterinary research · 2019Article
- The three dimensional structure of Bovine Salivary Protein 30b (BSP30b) and its interaction with specific rumen bacteria.PloS one · 2019Article
- Lipophilic Allergens, Different Modes of Allergen-Lipid Interaction and Their Impact on Asthma and Allergy.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Frog foams and natural protein surfactants.Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects · 2017Article
- Tubular lipid binding proteins (TULIPs) growing everywhere.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research · 2017Review
- Diagnosis of Allergy to Mammals and Fish: Cross-Reactive vs. Specific Markers.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2017Review
- Respiratory Allergens from Furred Mammals: Environmental and Occupational Exposure.Veterinary sciences · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Horses are unusual in producing protein-rich sweat for thermoregulation, a major component of which is latherin, a highly surface-active, non-glycosylated protein. The amino acid sequence of latherin, determined from cDNA analysis, is highly conserved across four geographically dispersed equid species (horse, zebra, onager, ass), and is similar to a family of proteins only found previously in the oral cavity and associated tissues of mammals. Latherin produces a significant reduction in water surface tension at low concentrations (< or = 1 mg ml(-1)), and therefore probably acts as a wetting agent to facilitate evaporative cooling through a waterproofed pelt. Neutron reflection experiments indicate that this detergent-like activity is associated with the formation of a dense protein layer, about 10 A thick, at the air-water interface. However, biophysical characterization (circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry) in solution shows that latherin behaves like a typical globular protein, although with unusual intrinsic fluorescence characteristics, suggesting that significant conformational change or unfolding of the protein is required for assembly of the air-water interfacial layer. RT-PCR screening revealed latherin transcripts in horse skin and salivary gland but in no other tissues. Recombinant latherin produced in bacteria was also found to be the target of IgE antibody from horse-allergic subjects. Equids therefore may have adapted an oral/salivary mucosal protein for two purposes peculiar to their lifestyle, namely their need for rapid and efficient heat dissipation and their specialisation for masticating and processing large quantities of dry food material.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.