ArticlePLoS pathogens2009
Rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed.
- Host Genus and Habitat Use Shape the Distribution ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Estimating the distribution of fitness effects of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events using an engineered library of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Successful Transmission and Isolation of a Fungal Pathogen From Wild Frogs to a Captive Amphibian Model Species: Fine Scale Pathogen Genetic Diversity and Infection-Induced Changes in Skin Bacteria.Environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Invasibility of a North American soil ecosystem to amphibian-killing fungal pathogens.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis strain affects transcriptomic response in liver but not skin in latitudinal populations of the common toad (Bufo bufo).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Chytrid infections exhibit historical spread and contemporary seasonality in a declining stream-breeding frog.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Coinfection with chytrid genotypes drives divergent infection dynamics reflecting regional distribution patterns.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Loss of Heterozygosity and Its Importance in Evolution.Journal of molecular evolution · 2023Review
- Article
- Host species is linked to pathogen genotype for the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis).PloS one · 2022Article
- Endemic Lineages ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- HaplotypeTools: a toolkit for accurately identifying recombination and recombinant genotypes.BMC bioinformatics · 2021Article
- Genotypic variation in an ecologically important parasite is associated with host species, lake and spore size.Parasitology · 2021Article
- Distribution and Genetic Diversity of the Amphibian Chytrid in Japan.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Early-diverging fungal phyla: taxonomy, species concept, ecology, distribution, anthropogenic impact, and novel phylogenetic proposals.Fungal diversity · 2021Review
- Chytrid fungi and global amphibian declines.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2020Review
- Review
- Adaptation by Loss of Heterozygosity inGenetics · 2019Article
- Article
- Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fungal disease chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is enigmatic because it occurs globally in both declining and apparently healthy (non-declining) amphibian populations. This distribution has fueled debate concerning whether, in sites where it has recently been found, the pathogen was introduced or is endemic. In this study, we addressed the molecular population genetics of a global collection of fungal strains from both declining and healthy amphibian populations using DNA sequence variation from 17 nuclear loci and a large fragment from the mitochondrial genome. We found a low rate of DNA polymorphism, with only two sequence alleles detected at each locus, but a high diversity of diploid genotypes. Half of the loci displayed an excess of heterozygous genotypes, consistent with a primarily clonal mode of reproduction. Despite the absence of obvious sex, genotypic diversity was high (44 unique genotypes out of 59 strains). We provide evidence that the observed genotypic variation can be generated by loss of heterozygosity through mitotic recombination. One strain isolated from a bullfrog possessed as much allelic diversity as the entire global sample, suggesting the current epidemic can be traced back to the outbreak of a single clonal lineage. These data are consistent with the current chytridiomycosis epidemic resulting from a novel pathogen undergoing a rapid and recent range expansion. The widespread occurrence of the same lineage in both healthy and declining populations suggests that the outcome of the disease is contingent on environmental factors and host resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.