ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2009
Tuberculosis infection in Zambia: the association with relative wealth.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pulmonary tuberculosis incidence and risk factors in rural areas of China: a cohort study.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Heterogeneity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity in young children in Blantyre, Malawi: A community-based survey.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Identifying mechanisms by which social determinants of health impact TB diagnostic evaluation uptake in Uganda: a qualitative study.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis prevention: current strategies and future directions.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2024Review
- How Poor Is Your Sample? A Simple Approach for Estimating the Relative Economic Status of Small and Nonrepresentative Samples.Global health, science and practice · 2023Article
- Determinants of QuantiFERON Plus-diagnosed tuberculosis infection in adult Ugandan TB contacts: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Defining tuberculosis vulnerability based on an adapted social determinants of health framework: a narrative review.Global public health · 2023Review
- Tuberculosis Infection in Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-sectional Study at Antenatal Care Clinics in an Ethiopian City.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- The possible impact of socioeconomic, income, and educational status on adverse effects of drug and their therapeutic episodes in patients targeted with a combination of tuberculosis interventions.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2021Article
- Household socio-economic position and individual infectious disease risk in rural Kenya.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Inequality in the global incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and TB/HIV according to the human development index.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2019Article
- Socio-economic gradients in prevalent tuberculosis in Zambia and the Western Cape of South Africa.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2018Article
- Measuring wealth in rural communities: Lessons from the Sanitation, Hygiene, Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial.PloS one · 2018Article
- Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and predictive factors in an urban informal settlement in Johannesburg, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- The prevalence and associated factors for delayed presentation for HIV care among tuberculosis/HIV co-infected patients in Southwest Ethiopia: a retrospective observational cohort.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2016Article
- Productivity losses associated with tuberculosis deaths in the World Health Organization African region.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2016Article
- Risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in 2-4 year olds in a rural HIV-prevalent setting.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2016Article
- The role of social determinants on tuberculosis/HIV co-infection mortality in southwest Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC research notes · 2016Article
- Beyond UHC: monitoring health and social protection coverage in the context of tuberculosis care and prevention.PLoS medicine · 2014Review
- Association between socioeconomic position and tuberculosis in a large population-based study in rural Malawi.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association between household socioeconomic position and tuberculosis (TB) infection in two communities of Zambia. For this purpose we implemented a cross-sectional investigation, nested within a larger case control study. Infection was assessed using Quantiferon-TB Gold. A socioeconomic position index was constructed through principal component analysis combining data on human resources, food availability, housing quality, and access to services and infrastructures. In this study, higher socioeconomic position, rather than lower, was associated with significantly higher risk of TB infection. None of the traditional risk factors for TB infection mediated this association, suggesting that in these two communities TB transmission may occur through exposure to as yet undefined risk factors that are associated with higher socioeconomic position. Although further studies are needed, these results suggest emerging new patterns of TB transmission and a role of socioeconomic position on the risk of TB infection opposite to that expected.
Indexed as
Identifiers
19478266PMC3763472What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.