ArticlePsychopharmacology2009
Correlates of individual differences in compensatory nicotine self-administration in rats following a decrease in nicotine unit dose.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- β-Nicotyrine and e-cigarette abuse liability I: Pharmacodynamics and interaction with pharmacokinetics and discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Logical fallacies and misinterpretations that hinder progress in translational addiction neuroscience.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2022Article
- Status and Future Directions of Preclinical Behavioral Pharmacology in Tobacco Regulatory Science.Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) · 2018Article
- Abuse liability assessment of an e-cigarette refill liquid using intracranial self-stimulation and self-administration models in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Article
- Individual differences in the behavioral effects of nicotine: A review of the preclinical animal literature.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2015Review
- Predictors of the nicotine reinforcement threshold, compensation, and elasticity of demand in a rodent model of nicotine reduction policy.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Article
- Article
- Sex differences in nicotine self-administration in rats during progressive unit dose reduction: implications for nicotine regulation policy.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2013Article
- Compensation predicts smoking cessation failure.Psychopharmacology · 2013Article
- Impact of tobacco regulation on animal research: new perspectives and opportunities.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2012Review
- A new criterion for acquisition of nicotine self-administration in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2012Article
- A lack of association between severity of nicotine withdrawal and individual differences in compensatory nicotine self-administration in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleThe ability of tobacco harm reduction strategies to produce significant reductions in toxin exposure is limited by compensatory increases in smoking behavior. Characterizing factors contributing to the marked individual variability in compensation may be useful for understanding this phenomenon and assessing the feasibility of harm reduction interventions.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to use an animal model of human compensatory smoking that involves a decrease in unit dose supporting nicotine self-administration (NSA) to examine potential contributors to individual differences in compensation.
methodsRats were trained for NSA during daily 23-h sessions at a unit dose of 0.06 mg/kg/inf until responding was stable. The unit dose was then reduced to 0.03 mg/kg/inf for at least 10 sessions. Following reacquisition of NSA at the training dose and extinction, single-dose nicotine pharmacokinetic parameters were determined.
resultsDecreases in nicotine intake following dose reduction were proportionally less than the decrease in unit dose, indicating partial compensation. Compensatory increases in infusion rates were observed across the course of the 23-h sessions. The magnitude of compensation differed considerably between rats. Rats exhibiting the highest baseline infusion rates exhibited the lowest levels of compensation. Nicotine pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly correlated with compensation. Infusion rates immediately returned to pre-reduction levels when baseline conditions were restored.
conclusionsThese findings provide initial insights into correlates of individual differences in compensation following a reduction in nicotine unit dose. The present assay may be useful for characterizing mechanisms and potential consequences of the marked individual differences in compensatory smoking observed in humans.
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