ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2009
Concatenated multitype L2 fusion proteins as candidate prophylactic pan-human papillomavirus vaccines.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-Neutralizing and Broadly Neutralizing Human Antibodies Against Nonenveloped Viruses.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Surface-bioengineering of bacteriophage AP205 and MS2 virus-like particles with novel Spytag003 for antigen conjugation.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Prophylactic vaccines against HPV-caused cervical cancer: novel vaccines are still demanded.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- Viral vector-based therapeutic HPV vaccines.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Alum and a TLR7 agonist combined with built-in TLR4 and 5 agonists synergistically enhance immune responses against HPV RG1 epitope.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- New Perspectives in Therapeutic Vaccines for HPV: A Critical Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Mixed Bacteriophage MS2-L2 VLPs Elicit Long-Lasting Protective Antibodies against HPV Pseudovirus 51.Viruses · 2021Article
- RG1-VLP and Other L2-Based, Broad-Spectrum HPV Vaccine Candidates.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Vaccination Strategies for the Control and Treatment of HPV Infection and HPV-Associated Cancer.Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer · 2021Article
- Review
- Review
- In silico/In vivo analysis of high-risk papillomavirus L1 and L2 conserved sequences for development of cross-subtype prophylactic vaccine.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Induction of neutralizing antibodies by human papillomavirus vaccine generated in mammalian cells.Antibody therapeutics · 2019Article
- Article
- Polyvalent vaccines: High-maintenance heroes.PLoS pathogens · 2018Review
- Minor Capsid Protein L2 Polytope Induces Broad Protection against Oncogenic and Mucosal Human Papillomaviruses.Journal of virology · 2018Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaccination with minor capsid protein L2 induces antibodies that cross-neutralize diverse papillomavirus types. However, neutralizing antibody titers against the papillomavirus type from which the L2 vaccine was derived are generally higher than the titers against heterologous types, which could limit effectiveness against heterologous types. We hypothesized that vaccination with concatenated multitype L2 fusion proteins derived from known cross-protective epitopes of several divergent human papillomavirus (HPV) types might enhance immunity across clinically relevant HPV genotypes.
methodsAntibody responses of mice (n = 120) and rabbits (n = 23) to vaccination with HPV-16 amino-terminal L2 polypeptides or multitype L2 fusion proteins, namely, 11-200 x 3 (HPV types 6, 16, 18), 11-88 x 5 (HPV types 1, 5, 6, 16, 18), or 17-36 x 22 (five cutaneous, two mucosal low-risk, and 15 oncogenic types), that were formulated alone or in GPI-0100, alum, or 1018 ISS adjuvants were compared with vaccination with L1 virus-like particles (VLPs), including Gardasil, a licensed quadrivalent HPV L1 vaccine, and a negative control. Mice were challenged with HPV-16 pseudovirions 4 months after vaccination. Statistical tests were two-sided.
resultsThe HPV-16 L2 polypeptides generated robust HPV-16-neutralizing antibody responses, albeit lower than those to HPV-16 L1 VLPs, and lower responses against other HPVs. In contrast, vaccination with the multitype L2 fusion proteins 11-200 x 3 and 11-88 x 5 induced high serum neutralizing antibody titers against all heterologous HPVs tested. 11-200 x 3 formulated in GPI-0100 adjuvant or alum with 1018 ISS protected mice against HPV-16 challenge (reduction in HPV-16 infection vs phosphate-buffered saline control, P < .001) 4 months after vaccination as well as HPV-16 L1 VLPs, but 11-200 x 3 alone or formulated with either alum or 1018 ISS was less effective (reduction in HPV-16 infection, P < .001).
conclusionConcatenated multitype L2 proteins in adjuvant have potential as pan-oncogenic HPV vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.