ReviewSurgery today2009
Therapeutic approach against intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts through endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (eNOS/NO) and the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway.
Review in Surgery today, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative Stress and the KEAP1/NRF2 Axis in Saphenous Vein: Implications for Graft Patency.Cells · 2026Review
- Simvastatin-Loaded Chitosan-Functionalized PLGA Nanoparticles: Characterization and Use in Intimal Hyperplasia Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Tissue Engineering and Targeted Drug Delivery in Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Polymer Nanocarrier for Statin Therapy.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Beyond Lipid-Lowering: Effects of Statins on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Polymers and Nanoparticles for Statin Delivery: Current Use and Future Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease.Polymers · 2021Review
- Article
- Saphenous vein grafts in contemporary coronary artery bypass graft surgery.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2020Review
- RhoGTPase in Vascular Disease.Cells · 2019Review
- Inflammation in Vein Graft Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2018Review
- Improving the Outcome of Vein Grafts: Should Vascular Surgeons Turn Veins into Arteries?Annals of vascular diseases · 2017Review
- Eph-B4 mediates vein graft adaptation by regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.Journal of vascular surgery · 2017Article
- Vein graft failure: from pathophysiology to clinical outcomes.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2016Review
- Soluble N-cadherin: A novel inhibitor of VSMC proliferation and intimal thickening.Vascular pharmacology · 2016Article
- Gene therapy for the prevention of vein graft disease.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2013Review
- Statins and vein graft failure in coronary bypass surgery.Current opinion in pharmacology · 2012Review
- Preventing intimal thickening of vein grafts in vein artery bypass using STAT-3 siRNA.Journal of translational medicine · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Late graft failure of autologous vein grafts is associated with intimal hyperplasia resulting from the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an enzyme that synthesizes nitric oxide (NO). An impairment of NO-mediated vasorelaxation and increases in cell proliferation occurs in vein grafts after the surgery and these pathophysiological changes cause intimal thickening. The Rho/Rho-kinase pathway negatively regulates eNOS and is involved in intimal hyperplasia. Several studies have been conducted with the goal of controlling intimal hyperplasia targeting eNOS/NO and the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway. The oral administration of drugs, such as Rho-kinase inhibitor, L: -arginine, beta-blocker and statins, significantly suppressed intimal thickening in animal models. This study revealed that statins upregulate eNOS through Rho-kinase inhibition to suppress intimal hyperplasia. The intraluminal gene transfer of eNOS inhibited intimal hyperplasia, thereby reducing the cell proliferation. These approaches are thus considered to be potentially promising therapeutic modalities for graft failure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.