ReviewJournal of anatomy2009
Insulin and the IGF system in the human placenta of normal and diabetic pregnancies.
Review in Journal of anatomy, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding the molecular landscape of the placenta in maternal diabetes: a systematic review of high-throughput data.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of a high-protein and low-glycaemic index diet during pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity on offspring metabolic health-A randomized controlled trial.Pediatric obesity · 2025Trial
- Maternal Diet Quality Is Associated with Placental Proteins in the Placental Insulin/Growth Factor, Environmental Stress, Inflammation, and mTOR Signaling Pathways: The Healthy Start ECHO Cohort.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Understanding physiological adaptations of pregnancy to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude to inform obstetrical and neonatal care.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Targeting metabolism to protect fertility and healthy pregnancy with SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs.Current opinion in physiology · 2026Article
- How the First 9 Months Shape the Rest of Your Life: The Impact of Gestational Diabetes on the Metabolic Future.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Placental abundances of IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGF2R, and PPARα are associated with birth weight.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Umbilical cord blood markers predict neonatal hypoglycemia in full-term small and large for gestational age infants.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Kisspeptin Restores Placental mTOR Signaling and Improves Glucose Homeostasis Mediators Disrupted by Maternal Hypothyroidism in Rats.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Placental Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Insufficiency Drives Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Relevant Behavioral Changes with Sex-Specific Vulnerabilities.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of prenatal maternal smoking on placental IGF-1, leptin, and HPL expression and breastfeeding practices.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Placental Igf1 overexpression sex-specifically impacts mouse placenta structure, altering offspring striatal development and behavior.Experimental neurology · 2025Article
- A head start: The relationship of placental factors to craniofacial and brain development.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2025Review
- Interpretable Machine Learning for Predicting Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Article
- Aberrant placental structure is corrected with repeated nanoparticle-mediated IGF1 treatments in a Guinea pig model of fetal growth restriction.Translational research in anatomy · 2025Article
- Gestation-Stage Related Changes in the IGF System Components in the Equine Placenta.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Review
- In-utero and newborn factors and thyroid cancer incidence in adult women in the Sister Study cohort.British journal of cancer · 2025Observational
- Predictive value of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 axis for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system regulates fetal and placental growth and development. In maternal diabetes, components of this system including insulin, IGF1, IGF2 and various IGF-binding proteins are deregulated in the maternal or fetal circulation, or in the placenta. The placenta expresses considerable amounts of insulin and IGF1 receptors at distinct locations on both placental surfaces. This makes the insulin and the IGF1 receptor accessible to fetal and/or maternal insulin, IGF1 and IGF2. Unlike the receptor for IGF1, the insulin receptor undergoes a gestational change in expression site from the trophoblast at the beginning of pregnancy to the endothelium at term. Insulin and IGFs are implicated in the receptor-mediated regulation of placental growth and transport, trophoblast invasion and placental angiogenesis. The dysregulation of the growth factors and their receptors may be involved in placental and fetal changes observed in diabetes, i.e. enhanced placental and fetal growth, placental hypervascularization and higher levels of fetal plasma amino acids.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.