ArticleJournal of carcinogenesis2009
d -Limonene sensitizes docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells: Generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of apoptosis.
Article in Journal of carcinogenesis, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Iron oxide nanoparticles co-conjugated with hyaluronic acid and limonene trigger oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest in triple-negative breast cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Potential Anticancer Effects of Limonene Associated with Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, Apoptosis Induction, and NF-κB Modulation in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Study.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- miR-340 improves the efficiency of p53 gene therapy in metastatic prostate cancer cells through downregulation of MDM2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Global trends and biological activity hotspots of D-limonene in essential oils: a 30-year bibliometric study.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Activities of Five Citrus Peel Essential Oils.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Key genes and molecular mechanisms related to Paclitaxel Resistance.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Effects of Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds on Prostate Cancer Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemical Constituents and Bioactivities ofTheScientificWorldJournal · 2024Review
- Synergism of d-limonene and temozolomide on migratory and apoptotic behaviors of human glioblastoma cell lines.BioImpacts : BI · 2024Article
- Thiazolidinone-linked-1,2,3-triazoles with (R)-Carvone as new potential anticancer agents.Future medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Exploring the Potent Anticancer Activity of Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds: Mechanisms and Prospects for Future Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Combination of tamoxifen and D-limonene enhances therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer cells.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Article
- Heracleum persicum Desf. ex Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall. fruit essential oil: content, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cell line.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- In Vitro and In Silico Pharmacological and Cosmeceutical Potential of Ten Essential Oils from Aromatic Medicinal Plants from the Mascarene Islands.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Role of Plant-Derived Active Constituents in Cancer Treatment and Their Mechanisms of Action.Cells · 2022Review
- Indigo plant leaf extract inhibits the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory, trypanocide, and antioxidant properties of essential oil fractions of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae).BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2021Article
- Interactions of Some Chemotherapeutic Agents as Epirubicin, Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel in Multicomponent Systems Based on Orange Essential Oil.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Antitumor effect of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil and its main component terpinen-4-ol in combination with target therapy in melanoma models.Cell death discovery · 2021Article
- Anti-cancer mechanisms of linalool and 1,8-cineole in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.Heliyon · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClinical trials have shown that docetaxel combined with other novel agents can improve the survival of androgen-independent prostate cancer patients. d -Limonene, a non-nutrient dietary component, has been found to inhibit various cancer cell growths without toxicity. We sought to characterize whether a non-toxic dose of d -limonene may enhance tumor response to docetaxel in an in vitro model of metastatic prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND
methodsHuman prostate carcinoma DU-145 and normal prostate epithelial PZ-HPV-7 cells were treated with various concentrations of d -limonene, docetaxel or a combination of both, and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and caspase activity were measured. Apoptosis and apoptosis-related proteins were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting, respectively.
resultsd -Limonene and docetaxel in combination significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity to DU-145 cells than PZ-HPV-7 cells. Exposure of DU-145 cells to a combined d -limonene and docetaxel resulted in higher ROS generation, depletion of GSH, accompanied by increased caspase activity than docetaxel alone. It also triggered a series of effects involving cytochrome c , cleavages of caspase-9, 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and a shift in Bad:Bcl-xL ratio in favor of apoptosis. Apoptotic effect was significantly blocked on pretreatment with N -acetylcystein, indicating that antitumor effect is initiated by ROS generation, and caspase cascades contribute to the cell death.
conclusionOur results show, for the first time, that d -limonene enhanced the antitumor effect of docetaxel against prostate cancer cells without being toxic to normal prostate epithelial cells. The combined beneficial effect could be through the modulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. d -Limonene could be used as a potent non-toxic agent to improve the treatment outcome of hormone-refractory prostate cancer with docetaxel.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.